Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Contribution of glutamatergic projections to neurons in the nonhuman primate substantia nigra pars reticulata for reactive inhibition AI翻译
  作者：Yoshida, Atsushi; Hikosaka, Okihide
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Eye Institute (NEI); Hokkaido University
  摘要：The basal ganglia play a crucial role in action selection by facilitating desired movements and suppressing unwanted ones. The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), a key output nucleus, facilitates movement through disinhibition of the superior colliculus (SC). However, its role in action suppression, particularly in primates, remains less clear. We investigated whether individual SNr neurons in three male macaque monkeys bidirectionally modulate their activity to both facilitate and suppre...
• Abrupt shift of El Niño periodicity under CO2 mitigation AI翻译
  作者：Iwakiri, Tomoki; Kug, Jong-Seong; Jin, Fei-Fei; Zhao, Sen; An, Soon-Il; Kim, Geon-Il; Park, Dongkyu
  作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Ochanomizu University; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Yonsei University; University of Toronto
  摘要：Removing CO2 from the atmosphere is emerging as a viable strategy to mitigate global warming, yet the responses of the climate system to CO2 reduction remain uncertain. One of the most uncertain aspects of El Ni & ntilde;o behavior is the change in periodicity in response to CO2 forcing [O. Alizadeh, Earth-Sci. Rev. 235, 104246 (2022)]. In this study, we show that climate models consistently project an abrupt shortening of El Ni & ntilde;o periodicity once CO2 reductions commence in ramp-up an...
• RACK1 promotes the development and function of alveolar macrophages through directly binding to and stabilizing PPARγ AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Hui; Yun, Hongfang; Wang, Xu; Shen, Zhuo; Liu, Genyu; Zou, Tao; Guo, Tingting; Wu, Mengyao; Lu, Yuchen; Deng, Lijiao; Miao, Ju; Deng, Hongbin; Yuan, Zengqiang; Zhang, Jiyan
  作者单位：Academy of Military Medical Sciences - China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS); University of South China; Anhui Medical University; Henan University; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology - CAMS; Peking Union Medical College; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing
  摘要：Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are indispensable to prevent pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and clear inhaled pathogens. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a versatile adaptor protein that regulates multiple signaling pathways. Whether RACK1 is implicated in AM alterations remains elusive. Alveolar type 2 cells-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and autocrine transforming growth factor-(31 drive the transcription of Pparg, the gene encoding AM signature transcription...
• Spatiotemporal regulation of target mRNA cleavage by 21-nt phasiRNAs in maize anthers AI翻译
  作者：Lian, Bi; Huang, Tianxiao; Huang, Wei; Jiang, Pengfei; Jin, Weiwei; Qi, Yijun
  作者单位：Tsinghua University; China Agricultural University; Anhui Agricultural University; Peking University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University
  摘要：21-nt phasiRNAs are abundantly expressed in anthers and play crucial roles in anther development and male reproduction in grasses. In maize, the target genes that 21-nt phasiRNAs regulate remain largely unknown. Here, we show that 21-nt phasiRNAs direct the cleavage of hundreds of target mRNAs in maize. Interestingly, while 21-nt phasiRNAs in anthers (somatic anther wall cells) do not have obvious preference for a particular nucleotide at the 5 ' end and target genes implicated in stress respo...
• Convergent expansions of keystone gene families drive metabolic innovation in Saccharomycotina yeasts AI翻译
  作者：David, Kyle T.; Schraiber, Joshua G.; Crandall, Johnathan G.; Labella, Abigail L.; Opulente, Dana A.; Harrison, Marie- Claire; Wolters, John F.; Zhou, Xiaofan; Shen, Xing - Xing; Groenewald, Marizeth; Hittinger, Chris Todd; Pennell, Matt; Rokas, Antonis
  作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; Villanova University; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture; South China Agricultural University; Cornell University
  摘要：Many remarkable phenotypes have repeatedly occurred across vast evolutionary distances. When convergent traits emerge on the tree of life, they are sometimes driven by the same underlying gene families, while other times, many different gene families are involved. Conversely, a gene family may be repeatedly recruited for a single trait or many different traits. To understand the general rules governing convergence at both genomic and phenotypic levels, we systematically tested associations bet...
• Updated fossil analyses reveal critical insights into the origins of monotreme lifestyles AI翻译
  作者：Whitney, Megan R.
  作者单位：Loyola University Chicago
• Exploring diverse supramolecular tessellation through hierarchical assemblies of nonalternant nanographene AI翻译
  作者：Sun, Jian; Deng, Ziqi; Phillips, David Lee; Liu, Junzhi
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation
  摘要：Tessellation, as an ancient and fascinating mathematical pursuit, has not only captivated mathematicians but also has attracted chemists' increasing attention at the molecular level in recent years. Exploring tessellation at the molecular scale is pivotal for gaining profound insights into the effects of tessellation on materials and elucidating the essential design principles for supramolecular tessellation. In this study, we develop a dynamic fullerene host (1) with three consecutive heptago...
• The pumping function of sponge choanocyte chambers AI翻译
  作者：Larsen, Paul S.; Riisgard, Hans Ulrik
  作者单位：Technical University of Denmark; University of Southern Denmark
• Nonenzymatic RNA copying with a potentially primordial genetic alphabet AI翻译
  作者：Fang, Ziyuan; Jia, Xiwen; Xing, Yanfeng; Szostak, Jack W.
  作者单位：Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Chicago; Harvard University; University of Chicago
  摘要：Nonenzymatic RNA copying is thought to have been responsible for the replication of genetic information during the origin of life. However, chemical copying with the and disfavors the incorporation of A and especially U because of the stronger G:C vs. A:U base pair and the weaker stacking interactions of U. Recent advances in prebiotic chemistry suggest that the 2- thiopyrimidines were precursors to the canonical pyrimidines, raising the possibility that they may have played an important early...
• β- Amyloid peptides enhance α- synuclein accumulation and neuronal deficits in a transgenic mouse model linking Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (vol 98, pg 12245, 2001) AI翻译
  作者：Masliah, Eliezer; Rockenstein, Edward; Veinbergs, Isaac; Sagara, Yutaka; Mallory, Margaret; Hashimoto, Makoto; Mucke, Lennart