Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• Visual adaptation stronger at the horizontal than the vertical meridian: Linking performance with V1 cortical surface area AI翻译
  作者：Lee, Hsing- Hao; Carrasco, Marisa
  作者单位：New York University; New York University
  摘要：Visual adaptation reduces bioenergetic expenditure by decreasing sensitivity to repetitive and similar stimuli. In human adults, visual performance varies systematically around the polar angle for many visual dimensions and tasks: Performance is superior along the horizontal than the vertical meridian (horizontal-vertical anisotropy, HVA) and the lower than upper vertical meridian (vertical meridian asymmetry, VMA). These asymmetries are resistant to spatial and temporal attention. However, it...
• Robust single- trial decoding of physical self- motion from hemodynamic signals in the brain measured by functional ultrasound imaging AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Bingyu; Luo, Qingyang; Liang, Zhifeng; He, Hua; Gu, Yong
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Naval Medical University
  摘要：Physical self-motion frequently happens in daily life, during which our vestibular system is critical in various important functions including balance and visual stability maintenance, postural and motor control, locomotion, spatial perception, and path integration-based navigation. Conventional noninvasive methods for studying vestibular functions include functional MRI (fMRI) that conveniently measures brain-wide signals; however, subjects are required to be physically restricted in the scan...
• Inference of human pigmentation from ancient DNA by genotype likelihoods AI翻译
  作者：Perretti, Silvia; Santos, Patricia; Vizzari, Maria Teresa; Tassani, Enrico; Benazzo, Andrea; Ghirotto, Silvia; Barbujani, Guido
  作者单位：University of Ferrara; University of Ferrara
  摘要：Light eyes, hair, and skins probably evolved several times as Homo sapiens dispersed from Africa. In areas with lower UV radiation, light pigmentation alleles increased in frequency because of their adaptive advantage and of other contingent factors such as migration and drift. However, the tempo and mode of their spread is not known. Phenotypic inference from ancient DNA is complicated, both because these traits are polygenic and because of low sequence depth. We evaluated the effects of the ...
• Resolving the structure and dynamics of the disordered C terminus of human cardiac troponin T and effects of cardiomyopathic mutations AI翻译
  作者：Crosby, Garrett S.; Hei, Bai; Lynn, Melissa L.; Chakraborti, Ananya; Schwartz, Steven D.; Tardiff, Jil C.
  作者单位：University of Arizona; University of Arizona; University of Arizona
  摘要：The C-terminal tail of cardiac troponin T (C-cTnT) inhibits thin filament activation and is a hotspot for cardiomyopathic mutations and variants. The mechanism whereby this region limits activation is not well understood. The last 16 C-terminal residues form a highly flexible and disordered domain and thus have been poorly resolved in studies to date. Using Time-Resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) we resolved the structure of the disordered C-cTnT and studied the structur...
• Diffusion of complex contagions is shaped by a trade-off between reach and reinforcement AI翻译
  作者：Wan, Allison; Riedl, Christoph; Lazer, David
  作者单位：Northeastern University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University; Harvard University
  摘要：How does social network structure amplify or stifle behavior diffusion? Existing theory suggests that when social reinforcement makes the adoption of behavior more likely, it should spread more-both farther and faster-on clustered networks with redundant ties. Conversely, if adoption does not benefit from social reinforcement, it should spread more on random networks which avoid such redundancies. We develop a model of behavior diffusion with tunable probabilistic adoption and social reinforce...
• Polymer sailing on rafts within lipid membranes AI翻译
  作者：Gao, Jie; Shen, Yiyang; Komura, Shigeyuki; Hu, Wenbing; Shen, Lei; Hu, Jinglei
  作者单位：Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Wuhan University of Technology
  摘要：Understanding the dynamics of macromolecules adsorbed from extracellular fluids onto cell membranes is crucial for elucidating basic cellular processes and advancing applications in biotechnology, such as biosensing, therapeutics, and synthetic biology. However, this is complicated by the interplay between membrane heterogeneity, macromolecule conformation, and fluid hydrodynamics. We investigate the dynamics of linear polymers on binary lipid membranes using hydrodynamics simulations and sing...
• In vivo directed evolution of an ultrafast Rubisco from a semianaerobic environment imparts oxygen resistance AI翻译
  作者：McDonald, Julie L.; Shapiro, Nathan P.; Mengiste, Amanuella A.; Kaines, Sarah; Whitney, Spencer M.; Wilson, Robert H.; Shoulders, Matthew D.
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Australian National University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation by the enzyme Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) underpins biomass accumulation in photosynthetic bacteria and eukaryotes. Despite its pivotal role, Rubisco has a slow carboxylation rate (k(cat)(CO2)) and is competitively inhibited by oxygen (O-2). These traits impose limitations on photosynthetic efficiency, making Rubisco a compelling target for improvement. Interest in Form II Rubisco from Gallionellaceae bacteria, which comprise a di...
• Akt isoform specificity drives intrinsic immune regulation during HSV-1 infection AI翻译
  作者：Suryawanshi, Rahul K.; Patil, Chandrashekhar D.; Borase, Hemant; Shukla, Deepak
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
  摘要：Akt isoforms are generally considered functionally redundant, contributing to total Akt activity. However, during HSV-1 infection, Akt1 and Akt2 knockout animals exhibited distinct antiviral responses. Unexpectedly, in the absence of Akt1, Akt2 played a unique role in regulating cytokine production and inactivating proapoptotic transcription factor FoxO3a, a mechanism not shared by Akt1. These findings provide the clearest in vivo evidence yet that Akt isoforms are not functionally redundant, ...
• Pressure- driven electronegativity inversion in alkali liquids AI翻译
  作者：Han, Chenxu; Zong, Hongxiang; Ding, Xiangdong; Sun, Jun; Ackland, Graeme J.
  作者单位：Xi'an Jiaotong University; University of Edinburgh
  摘要：Liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPTs) are typically characterized as two-state systems, where transitions occur between two distinct liquid phases driven by local structural rearrangements. In this study, we observed a continuous LLPT with an inversion of electronegativity in a K-Rb binary alloy. This uniquely exhibits a three-state system behavior. The transition, induced by pressure-driven reordering of electronic orbital energies, progresses through a sequence from s-metal to electride to...
• De novo design of D-peptide ligands: Application to influenza virus hemagglutinin AI翻译
  作者：Juraszek, Jarek; Kadam, Rameshwar U.; Branduardi, Davide; van Ameijde, Jeroen; Garg, Divita; Dailly, Nicolas; Jongeneelen, Mandy; Vermond, Jan; Brakenhoff, Just P. J.; Brandenburg, Boerries; van Dongen, Maria J. P.; Vogels, Ronald; Friesen, Robert H. E.; Wilson, Ian A.
  作者单位：Scripps Research Institute; Scripps Research Institute; Scripps Research Institute; Astex Pharmaceuticals
  摘要：D-peptides hold great promise as therapeutics by alleviating the challenges of metabolic stability and immunogenicity in L-peptides. However, current D-peptide discovery methods are severely limited by specific size, structure, and the chemical synthesizability of their protein targets. Here, we describe a computational method for de novo design of D-peptides that bind to an epitope of interest on the target protein using Rosetta's hotspot-centric approach. The approach comprises identifying h...