Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Black and Latinx workers reap lower rewards than Whiteworkers from years spent working in big cities AI翻译
  作者：Buchholz, Maximilian; Storper, Michael
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
  摘要：The large labor markets of big cities offer greater possibilities for workers to gain skills and experience through successively better employment opportunities. This experience effect contributes to the higher average wages that are found in big cities compared to the economy as a whole. Racial wage inequality is also higher in bigger cities than in the economy on average. We offer an explanation for this pattern, demonstrating that there is substantial racial inequality in the economic retur...
• Free- electron resonance transition radiation via Brewster randomness AI翻译
  作者：Gong, Zheng; Chen, Ruoxi; Wang, Zun; Xi, Xiangfeng; Yang, Yi; Zhang, Baile; Chen, Hongsheng; Kaminer, Ido; Lin, Xiao
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; University of Hong Kong; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Technological University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Technion Israel Institute of Technology
  摘要：Free- electron radiation, such as Cherenkov radiation and transition radiation, can gen-erate light at arbitrary frequencies and is fundamental to diverse applications, ranging from electron microscopy, spectroscopy, lasers, to particle detectors. Generally, the fea-tures of free- electron radiation are stochastic when electrons interact with random media. Counterintuitively, here, we reveal a type of free- electron radiation that has both its inten-sity and directionality invariant to specifi...
• Plastic responses to past environments shape adaptation to novel selection pressures AI翻译
  作者：Coates, Sarah E. R.; Comeault, Aaron A.; Wood, Daniel P.; Fay, Michael F.; Creer, Simon; Osborne, Owen G.; Dunning, Luke T.; Papadopulos, Alexander S. T.
  作者单位：Bangor University; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; University of Western Australia; University of Sheffield
  摘要：Phenotypic plasticity may pave the way for rapid adaptation to newly encountered environments. Although it is often contested, there is growing evidence that initial plastic responses of ancestral populations to new environmental cues may promote subsequent adaptation. However, we do not know whether plasticity to cues present in the ancestral habitat (past- cue plasticity) can facilitate adaptation to novel cues. Conceivably, this could occur if plastic responses are coincidentally optimal to...
• Profile of Geoffrey M. Heal AI翻译
  作者：Langlois, Jill
• Environmental variability across space and time drives the recolonization pattern of a historically persecuted large carnivore AI翻译
  作者：Moqanaki, Ehsan; Milleret, Cyril; Dupont, Pierre; Mattisson, Jenny; Dey, Soumen; Broseth, Henrik; Aronsson, Malin; Persson, Jens; Wabakken, Petter; Flagstad, Oystein; Bischof, Richard
  作者单位：Norwegian University of Life Sciences; University of Montana System; University of Montana; Norwegian Institute Nature Research; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
  摘要：Wildlife populations are not static. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect individuals, which lead to spatiotemporal variation in population density and range. Yet, dynamics in density and their drivers are rarely documented, due in part to the inherent difficulty of studying long-term population-level phenomena at ecologically meaningful scales. We studied the spatiotemporal density dynamics in a recolonizing large carnivore population, the wolverine Gulo gulo, across the Scandinavian Penins...
• Facet- switching of rate- determining step on copper in CO2-to- ethylene electroreduction (vol 121, e2400546121, 2024) AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Yu-Cai; Zhang, Xiao-Long; Wu, Zhi-Zheng; Niu, Zhuang-Zhuang; Chi, Li-Ping; Gao, Fei-Yue; Yang, Peng-Peng; Wang, Ye-Hua; Yu, Peng-Cheng; Duanmu, Jing-Wen; Sun, Shu-Ping; Gao, Min-Rui
• APOBEC3A deaminates CTG hairpin loops to promote fragility and instability of expanded CAG/CTG repeats AI翻译
  作者：Brown, Rebecca E.; Coxon, Margo; Larsen, Benjamin; Allison, Maxwell; Chadha, Ariana; Mittelstadt, Isabelle; Mertz, Tony M.; Roberts, Steven A.; Freudenreich, Catherine H.
  作者单位：Tufts University; Washington State University; Washington State University; Tufts University; University of Vermont; University of Vermont
  摘要：CAG/CTG repeats are prone to expansion, causing several inherited human diseases. The initiating sources of DNA damage which lead to inaccurate repair of the repeat tract to cause expansions are not fully understood. Expansion- prone CAG/CTG repeats are actively transcribed and prone to forming stable R- loops with hairpin structures forming on the displaced single- stranded DNA (S- loops). We previously determined that damage by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosine deaminase, Fcy1, was requi...
• The magnitude of legal wildlife trade and implications for species survival AI翻译
  作者：Marshall, Benjamin Michael; Alamshah, Aubrey L.; Cardoso, Pedro; Cassey, Phillip; Chekunov, Sebastian; Eskew, Evan A.; Fukushima, Caroline S.; Garcia-Diaz, Pablo; Gore, Meredith L.; Lockwood, Julie L.; Rhyne, Andrew L.; Sinclair, James S.; Strine, Colin Thomas; Stringham, Oliver C.; Tlusty, Michael F.; Valdez, Jose W.; Watters, Freyja; Hughes, Alice C.
  作者单位：University of Stirling; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY; Universidade de Lisboa; University of Helsinki; University of Adelaide; University of Idaho; University of Turku; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Roger Williams University; Leibniz Association; Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung (SGN); Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Boston; German Research Foundation (DFG); German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv); Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg; University of Hong Kong
  摘要：The unsustainable use of wildlife is a primary driver of global biodiversity loss. No comprehensive global dataset exists on what species are in trade, their geographic origins, and trade's ultimate impacts, which limits our ability to sustainably manage trade. The United States is one of the world's largest importers of wildlife, with trade data compiled in the US Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS). The LEMIS provides the most comprehensive publicly accessible wildlife trad...
• Fundamental constraints and questions from the study of martian meteorites and the need for returned samples AI翻译
  作者：Udry, Arya; Ostwald, Amanda M.; Day, James M. D.; Hallis, Lydia J.
  作者单位：Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Las Vegas; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of Glasgow
  摘要：Physical materials from planetary bodies are crucial for understanding fundamental processes that constrain the evolution of the solar system, as samples can be analyzed at high precision and accuracy in Earth- based laboratories. Mars is the only planet outside of Earth from which we possess samples in the form of meteorites. Martian meteorites (n > 350) have enabled constraints to be placed on various aspects of the red planet's formation and evolution, notably: that Mars accreted and differ...
• The interaction of Serratia bacteria and harmonine in harlequin ladybird confers an interspecies competitive edge AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Chaowei; Zhou, Hang; He, Kang; Xiao, Yiqi; Chen, Mengyao; Zuo, Zhangqi; Shu, Runguo; Geng, Yuhang; Jin, Shuo; Mei, Yang; He, Bingbing; Li, Fei
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; Guizhou University
  摘要：The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, is a predatory beetle used globally to control pests such as aphids and scale insects. Originating from East Asia, this species has become highly invasive since its introduction in the late 19th century to Europe and North America, posing a threat to local biodiversity. Intraguild predation is hypothesized to drive the success of this invasive species, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, a feeding assay revealed that while har...