Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• Long-term B cell memory emerges at uniform relative rates in the human immune response AI翻译
  作者：Cvijovic, Ivana; Swift, Michael; Quake, Stephen R.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI)
  摘要：B cells generate pathogen-specific antibodies and play an essential role in providing adaptive protection against infection. Antibody genes are modified in evolutionary processes acting on the B cell populations within an individual. These populations proliferate, differentiate, and migrate to long-term niches in the body. However, the dynamics of these processes in the human immune system are primarily inferred from mouse studies. We addressed this gap by sequencing the antibody repertoire an...
• Potential limiting factor on engaged research: Academic evaluation systems AI翻译
  作者：Ye, Hongnan
  作者单位：China Medical University
• Control of flow behavior in complex fluids using automatic differentiation AI翻译
  作者：Alhashim, Mohammed G.; Hausknecht, Kaylie; Brenner, Michael P.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Saudi Aramco; Harvard University
  摘要：Inverse design of complex flows is notoriously challenging because of the high cost of high dimensional optimization. Usually, optimization problems are either restricted to few control parameters, or adjoint-based approaches are used to convert the optimization problem into a boundary value problem. Here, we show that the recent advances in automatic differentiation (AD) provide a generic platform for solving inverse problems in complex fluids. To demonstrate the versatility of the approach, ...
• A structural atlas of death domain fold proteins reveals their versatile roles in biology and function AI翻译
  作者：Wu, Emily J.; Kandalkar, Ankita T.; Ehrmann, Julian F.; Tong, Alexander B.; Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Wu, Hao
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine (PCMM); Northeastern University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
  摘要：Death domain fold (DDF) superfamily proteins are critically important players in pathways of cell death and inflammation. DDFs are often essential scaffolding domains in receptors, adaptors, or effectors of these pathways by mediating homoand hetero- oligomerization including helical filament assembly. At the downstream ends of these pathways, effector oligomerization by DDFs brings the enzyme domains into proximity for their dimerization and activation. Hundreds of structures of these domains...
• Photoreceptor- induced LHL4 protects the photosystem II monomer in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii AI翻译
  作者：Dannay, Marie; Bertin, Chloe; Cavallari, Eva; Albanese, Pascal; Tolleter, Dimitri; Giustini, Cecile; Menneteau, Mathilde; Brugiere, Sabine; Coute, Yohann; Finazzi, Giovanni; Demarsy, Emilie; Ulm, Roman; Allorent, Guillaume
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CEA; INRAE; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); University of Geneva; CEA; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); University of Geneva; Universite Paris Saclay; UNICANCER; Gustave Roussy; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
  摘要：Photosynthesis, the fundamental process using light energy to convert carbon dioxide to organic matter, is vital for life on Earth. It relies on capturing light through light- harvesting complexes (LHC) in photosystem I (PSI) and PSII and on the conver-sion of light energy into chemical energy. Composition and organization of PSI and PSII core complexes are well conserved across evolution. PSII is particularly sensitive to pho-todamage but benefits from a large diversity of photoprotective mec...
• Clinical evaluation of patterned dried plasma spot cards to support quantification of HIV viral load and reflexive genotyping AI翻译
  作者：Morbioli, Giorgio Gianini; Baillargeon, Keith R.; Kalimashe, Monalisa N.; Kana, Vibha; Zwane, Hloniphile; van der Walt, Cheri; Tierney, Allison J.; Mora, Andrea C.; Goosen, Mark; Jagaroo, Rivashni; Brooks, Jessica C.; Hunt, Gillian; Jordan, Michael R.; Tang, Alice; Mace, Charles R.
  作者单位：Tufts University; National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD); Tufts University; Massachusetts Department of Public Health; Tufts University
  摘要：Quantifying viral load, a key indicator required to achieve control and elimination of the HIV epidemic, requires cell- free plasma or serum to ensure measurements are not biased by proviral DNA contained in infected CD4 T lymphocytes. Plasma separation cards (PSC) collect and preserve a dried specimen, which makes them practical solutions for decentralized sample collection and transport in limited- resource settings. However, physiological variations in hematocrit levels can introduce signif...
• Spatial profiling of the interplay between cell type- and vision- dependent transcriptomic programs in the visual cortex AI翻译
  作者：Xie, Fangming; Jain, Saumya; Xu, Runzhe; Butrus, Salwan; Tan, Zhiqun; Xu, Xiangmin; Shekhar, Karthik; Zipursky, S. Lawrence
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Irvine; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  摘要：How early sensory experience during critical periods of postnatal life affects the organization of the mammalian neocortex at the resolution of neuronal cell types is poorly understood. We previously reported that the functional and molecular profiles of layer 2/3 (L2/3) cell types in the primary visual cortex (V1) are vision- dependent [S. Cheng et al., Cell 185, 311-327.e24 (2022)]. Here, we characterize the spatial organization of L2/3 cell types with and without visual experience. Spatial ...
• Simulating atmospheric freezing of single aqueous droplets to ice in a cryogenically cooled ultrasonic levitator AI翻译
  作者：Biswas, Souvick; Paul, Dababrata; Mondal, Koushik; Kaiser, Ralf I.
  作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa
  摘要：Atmospheric freezing of water droplets suspended in air followed by cloud formation and precipitation represent fundamental steps of the terrestrial water cycle. These aqueous droplets exhibit distinct freezing mechanisms and thermodynamic requirements com-pared to bulk water often forming metastable supercooled water at subzero temperatures on the Celsius scale (<273 K) prior to crystallization. Here, we report on a real- time spectroscopic investigation combined with simultaneous visualizati...
• Global natural history infrastructure requires international solidarity, support, and investment in local capacity AI翻译
  作者：Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg; Edwards, Scott; Stenseth, Nils C.; Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav; Altangerel, Dondog; Usukhjargal, Dorj; Dovchin, Badamgarav; Gombobaatar, Sundev; Batsaikhan, Nyamsuren; Warinner, Christina; Hart, Isaac; Galbreath, Kurt; Greiman, Stephen E.; Malaney, Jason; Murdoch, James D.; Mclean, Bryan; Dewitte, Sharon N.; Manzitto-Tripp, Erin; Chin, Karen; Karim, Talia S.; Simpson, Carl; Stevens, Nancy J.; Dunnum, Jonathan L.; Cook, Joseph A.; Taylor, William Timothy Treal
  作者单位：National University of Mongolia; Harvard University; Harvard University; University of Oslo; Mongolian Academy of Sciences; Max Planck Society; Harvard University; Max Planck Society; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Northern Michigan University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Southern University; University of Vermont; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of New Mexico; University of New Mexico
  摘要：Amid global challenges like climate change, extinctions, and disease epidemics, science and society require nuanced, international solutions that are grounded in robust, interdisciplinary perspectives and datasets that span deep time. Natural history collections, from modern biological specimens to the archaeological and fossil records, are crucial tools for understanding cultural and biological processes that shape our modern world. At the same time, natural history collections in low and mid...
• Creation, stabilization, and investigation at ambient pressure of pressure- induced superconductivity in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 AI翻译
  作者：Deng, Liangzi; Wang, Busheng; Halbert, Clayton; Schulze, Daniel J.; Gooch, Melissa; Bontke, Trevor; Kuo, Ting-Wei; Shi, Xin; Song, Shaowei; Salke, Nilesh; Yang, Hung- Duen; Ren, Zhifeng; Hemley, Russell J.; Zurek, Eva; Prasankumar, Rohit P.; Chu, Ching- Wu
  作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Houston System; University of Houston; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; National Sun Yat Sen University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Intellectual Ventures
  摘要：In light of breakthroughs in superconductivity under high pressure, and considering that record critical temperatures (Tcs) across various systems have been achieved under high pressure, the primary challenge for higher T-c should no longer solely be to increase T-c under extreme conditions but also to reduce, or ideally eliminate, the need for applied pressure in retaining pressure-induced or -enhanced superconductivity. The topological semiconductor Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (BST) was chosen to demonstr...