Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Le Chatelier's concrete conundrum AI翻译
  作者：Ulm, Franz-Josef
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
• The false evidence rate: An approach to frequentist error rate control conditioning on the observed P value AI翻译
  作者：Weitz, David
  作者单位：University of Oxford; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics
  摘要：AP value is conventionally interpreted either as a) the probability by chance of obtaining more extreme results than those observed or b) a tool for declaring significance at a prespecified level. Both approaches carry difficulties: b) does not allow users to make inferences based on the data in hand, and is not rigorously followed by researchers in practice, while (a) is not meaningful as an error rate. Although P values retain an important role, these shortcomings are likely to have contribu...
• Olfaction with legs-Spiders use wall- pore sensilla for pheromone detection AI翻译
  作者：Talukder, Mohammad Belal; Mueller, Carsten H. G.; Zhang, Dan-Dan; Schulz, Stefan; Loefstedt, Christer; Wang, Hong-Lei; Uhl, Gabriele B.
  作者单位：Universitat Greifswald; Lund University; Braunschweig University of Technology
  摘要：The sense of smell is a central sensory modality of most terrestrial species. However, our knowledge of olfaction is based on vertebrates and insects. In contrast, little is known about the chemosensory world of spiders and nothing about how they perform olfaction despite their important ecological role. The orb-weaving spider Argiope bruennichi lends itself to an in-depth study on olfaction as it is one of the few spider species whose volatile sex pheromone, emitted by females to attract male...
• Deciphering the artificial evolution of domesticated plants within dynamic habitats AI翻译
  作者：Lentz, David L.; Pohl, Mary E. D.
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
• Toward a unified taxonomy of information dynamics via Integrated Information Decomposition AI翻译
  作者：Mediano, Pedro A. M.; Rosas, Fernando E.; Luppi, Andrea I.; Carhart-Harris, Robin L.; Bor, Daniel; Seth, Anil K.; Barrett, Adam B.
  作者单位：Imperial College London; University of London; University College London; University of Sussex; Imperial College London; Imperial College London; University of Oxford; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Cambridge; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of Sussex
  摘要：Our ability to understand and control complex systems of many interacting parts remains limited. A key challenge is that we still do not know how best to describe-and quantify-the many-to-many dynamical interactions that characterize their complexity. To address this limitation, we introduce the mathematical framework of Integrated Information Decomposition, or IID. IID provides a comprehensive framework to disentangle and characterize the information dynamics of complex multivariate systems. ...
• Cod, a high- affinity LilrB2 ligand, is elevated in Alzheimer's disease and mediates synapse pruning AI翻译
  作者：Brott, Barbara K.; Raissi, Aram J.; Micheva, Kristina D.; Vielmetter, Jost; Mendes, Monique S.; Baccus, Caroline J.; Huang, Jolie; Shatz, Carla J.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; California Institute of Technology
  摘要：Synapse pruning sculpts neural circuits throughout life. The human Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor type B2 (LilrB2)/murine Paired immunoglobulin receptor B (PirB) receptors expressed in neurons and complement protein C4 have been separately implicated in pruning. Here, we report that C4d, a C4 cleavage product with unknown function, binds LilrB2/PirB with nanomolar affinity. C4d and LilrB2 colocalize at excitatory synapses in the human cerebral cortex as well as with beta amyloid in Alz...
• Evolution of cross- tolerance to metals in yeast AI翻译
  作者：Bazzicalupo, Anna L.; Kahn, Penelope C.; Ao, Eully; Campbell, Joel; Otto, Sarah P.
  作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
  摘要：Organisms often face multiple selective pressures simultaneously (e.g., mine tailings with multiple heavy metal contaminants), yet we know little about when adaptation to one stressor provides cross-tolerance or cross-intolerance to other stressors. To explore the potential for cross-tolerance, we adapted Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high concentrations of six single metals in a short-term evolutionary rescue experiment. We then measured cross-tolerance of each metal-adapted line to the other f...
• Motivational trade- offs and modulation of nociception in bumblebees (Vol 119, e2205821119, 2022) AI翻译
  作者：Gibbons, Matilda; Versace, Elisabetta; Crump, Andrew; Baran, Bartosz; Chittka, Lars
• Methionine synthesis and glycine betaine demethylation are intricately intertwined in cosmopolitan marine bacteria AI翻译
  作者：Mausz, Michaela A.; Murphy, Andrew R. J.; Ferretjans, Maria del Mar Aguilo-; Hitchcock, Andrew; Moran, Mary Ann; Scanlan, David J.; Chen, Yin; Lidbury, Ian D. E. A.
  作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Sheffield; University of Sheffield; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University of Birmingham
  摘要：Across all domains of life, cobalamin-dependent methyltransferases have diversified to perform a range of crucial functions, such as methionine synthesis and the demethylation of various reduced nitrogen and sulfur compounds. These large modular enzymes typically possess three substrate-binding domains, two binding either the methyl donor or methyl acceptor, as well as a cobalamin-binding domain. Here, by challenging the current paradigm of glycine betaine (GBT) catabolism, we have identified ...
• DNA polymerase α- primase can function as a translesion DNA polymerase AI翻译
  作者：Mayle, Ryan; Georgescu, Roxana; O'Donnell, Michael E.
  作者单位：Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Rockefeller University
  摘要：Replication of cellular chromosomes requires a primase to generate short RNA primers to initiate genomic replication. While bacterial and archaeal primase generate short RNA primers, the eukaryotic primase, Polc-primase, contains both RNA primase and DNA polymerase (Pol) subunits that function together to form a >20 base hybrid RNA-DNA primer. Interestingly, the DNA Pol1 subunit of Polc lacks a 3'- 5' proofreading exonuclease, contrary to the high-fidelity normally associated with DNA replicat...