Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Urban highways are barriers to social ties AI翻译
  作者：Aiello, Luca Maria; Vybornova, Anastassia; Juhasz, Sando; Szell, Michael; Bokanyi, Eszter
  作者单位：IT University Copenhagen; Corvinus University Budapest; Corvinus University Budapest; University of Amsterdam
  摘要：Urban highways are common, especially in the United States, making cities more car-centric. They promise the annihilation of distance but obstruct pedestrian mobility, thus playing a key role in limiting social interactions locally. Although this limiting role is widely acknowledged in urban studies, the quantitative relationship between urban highways and social ties is barely tested. Here, we define a Barrier Score that relates massive, geolocated online social network data to highways in th...
• Monitoring chalcogenide ions-guided in situ transform active sites of tailored bismuth electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to formate AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Zheng; Xiao, Yi; Qiao, Xianji; Ou, Honghui; Lee, Chi-Feng; Wang, Hsiao-Tsu; Shao, Yu-Cheng; Han, Lili
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, CAS; Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China; Zhejiang University; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Tamkang University; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
  摘要：Although bismuth catalysts enable accelerated electrochemical CO2-to-formate conversion, the intrinsic active sites and forming mechanisms under operating conditions remain elusive. Herein, we prepared Bi2O2NCN, Bi2O3, and Bi2O2S as precatalysts. Among them, Bi2O2NCN-derived catalyst possesses optimum performance of electrochemical CO2-to-formate, exhibiting an upsurge of Faradaic efficiency to 98.3% at-0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrodes. In-situ infrared and electrochemical impedance sp...
• Specific microbial ratio in the gut microbiome is associated with multiple sclerosis AI翻译
  作者：Ghimire, Sudeep; Lehman, Peter C.; Meza, Leeann S. Aguilar; Shahi, Shailesh K.; Hoang, Jemmie; Olalde, Heena; Paullus, Mishelle; Cherwin, Catherine; Wang, Kai; Gill, Christine; Cho, Tracey; Mangalam, Ashutosh K.
  作者单位：University of Iowa; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); Iowa City VA Health Care System; University of Iowa; University of Iowa; University of Iowa; University of Iowa; University of Iowa
  摘要：Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the causal relationship between specific gut bacteria and MS pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Therefore, we profiled the stool microbiome of people with MS (PwMS) and healthy controls (HC) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. PwMS showed a distinct microbiome compared to HC, with Prevotella copri (PC) and Blautia species as drivers of microbial communities in HC and PwMS, respectively. Administration of MS-driving...
• Effects of binding partners on thermal reversion rates of photoswitchable molecules AI翻译
  作者：Reed, P. Maximilian M.; Jang, Jaewan; Woloschuk, Ryan M.; Reis, Jakeb; Hille, Jacques I. C.; Uppalapati, Maruti; Woolley, G. Andrew
  作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Saskatchewan
  摘要：The binding of photoswitchable molecules to partners forms the basis of many naturally occurring light-dependent signaling pathways and various photopharmacological and optogenetic tools. A critical parameter affecting the function of these molecules is the thermal half-life of the light state. Reports in the literature indicate that, in some cases, a binding partner can significantly influence the thermal half-life, while in other cases it has no effect. Here, we present a unifying framework ...
• In the activation of HPV- specific human B cells HPV-VLP vaccines mimic membrane- associated antigens AI翻译
  作者：Torgbor, Charles; Sohn, Haewon; Dizon, Brian L. P.; Mutic, Evan C.; George, Rachel; Kwak, Kihyuck; Akkaya, Munir; Ulker, Esin Bayrali; Traver, Maria; Brzostowski, Joseph; Galloway, Denise A.; Thompson, Cynthia D.; Cuburu, Nicolas; Schiller, John T.; Pierce, Susan K.
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Arthritis & Musculoskeletal & Skin Diseases (NIAMS); Yonsei University; Yonsei University Health System; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI)
  摘要：B cell responses to membrane- presented antigens appear to be strongly favored over soluble antigens in vivo suggesting that vaccines that mimic membrane- presented antigens may be highly efficacious. We recently demonstrated that human B cell responses to membrane- associated but not to soluble antigens in vitro depended on the expression and activity of the plasma membrane mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1. Here, we provide evidence that the efficacy of the current human papillomavirus vi...
• Prediction of carbon nanostructure mechanical properties and the role of defects using machine learning AI翻译
  作者：Winetrout, Jordan J.; Li, Zilu; Zhao, Qi; Gaber, Landon; Unnikrishnan, Vinu; Varshney, Vikas; Xu, Yanxun; Wang, Yusu; Heinz, Hendrik
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Texas A&M University System; West Texas A&M University; United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; Johns Hopkins University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：Graphene- based nanostructures hold immense potential as strong and lightweight materials, however, their mechanical properties such as modulus and strength are difficult to fully exploit due to challenges in atomic- scale engineering. This study presents a database of over 2,000 pristine and defective nanoscale CNT bundles and other graphitic assemblies, inspired by microscopy, with associated stress-strain curves from reactive (IFF- R). These 3D structures, containing up to 80,000 atoms, ena...
• Structural mechanisms underlying the modulation of CXCR4 by diverse small-molecule antagonists AI翻译
  作者：Sang, Xiaohong; Jiao, Haizhan; Meng, Qian; Fang, Xiong; Pan, Qi; Zhou, Jiao; Qian, Tingli; Zhang, Wanqin; Xu, Yan; An, Jing; Huang, Ziwei; Hu, Hongli
  作者单位：The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor type 4), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, plays a role in cell migration and functions as a coreceptor for HIV entry. Molecular therapeutics targeting CXCR4 have been under intensive investigation. To date, only two small-molecule antagonist drugs targeting CXCR4, plerixafor (AMD3100) and mavorixafor (AMD070), have been approved. Here, we present the high-resolution structures of CXCR4 complexed with AMD3100 and AMD070, as well as a small-mo...
• Empowering genome- wide association studies via a visualizable test based on the regional association score AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Yiran; Zhang, Heping
  作者单位：Yale University
  摘要：The genome- wide association studies identified genes associated with many diseases, but the identification and verification of disease variants are still challenging due to small effects and large number of individual variants. In this paper, we propose a powerful method that first quantifies the strength of regional associations at each single nucleotide polymorphism and converts these measures into time series data before using a change point detection algorithm to identify significant regi...
• Early colonization of the deep- sea bottom-The protracted build- up of an ecosystem AI翻译
  作者：Buatois, Luis A.; Mangano, M. Gabriela; Paz, Maximiliano; Minter, Nicholas J.; Zhou, Kai
  作者单位：University of Saskatchewan; University of Portsmouth; University System of Ohio; Oberlin College
  摘要：Our understanding of the patterns and processes behind the evolution of deep- marine ecosystems is limited because the body- fossil record of the deep sea is poor. However, that gap in knowledge may be filled as deposits are host to diverse and abundant trace fossils that record the activities of benthic deep- marine organisms. Here, we built a global dataset of trace- fossil occurrences from a comprehensive survey of 720 Ediacaran-Devonian units and show that the establishment of a modern- st...
• Evolutionary rewiring of the dynamic network underpinning allosteric epistasis in NS1 of the influenza A virus AI翻译
  作者：Gonzales, James E.; Kim, Iktae; Bastiray, Abhishek; Hwang, Wonmuk; Cho, Jae-Hyun
  作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS)
  摘要：Viral proteins frequently mutate to evade host innate immune responses, yet the impact of these mutations on the molecular energy landscape remains unclear. Epistasis, the intramolecular communications between mutations, often renders the combined mutational effects unpredictable. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a major virulence factor of the influenza A virus (IAV) that activates host PI3K by binding to its p85f3 subunit. Here, we present a deep analysis of the impact of evolutionary mutati...