Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Wnt inhibition alleviates resistance to anti-PD1 therapy and improves antitumor immunity in glioblastoma AI翻译
  作者：Krishnan, Shanmugarajan; Lee, Somin; Amoozgar, Zohreh; Subudhi, Sonu; Kumar, Ashwin Srinivasan; Posada, Jessica M.; Lindeman, Neal; Lei, Pinji; Duquette, Mark; Steinbuch, Sophie; Charabati, Marc; Huang, Peigen; Andersson, Patrik; Datta, Meenal; Munn, Lance L.; Fukumura, Dai; Jain, Rakesh K.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; University of Bonn; Agenus Inc; Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR); A*STAR - Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI); Rockefeller University; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; University of Notre Dame
  摘要：Wnt signaling plays a crucial role for many developmental processes. It is also pivotal in the generation and limited treatment outcomes of glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we identified Wnt7b, which is markedly upregulated in GBM patients, as a determinant of resistance to immune checkpoint blockers (alpha PD1; anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1) in a clinically relevant, alpha PD1-resistant GBM murine model with abundant stem cells. We observed that increased levels of Wnt7b and beta-- catenin co...
• Microglia-to-neuron signaling links APOE4 and inflammation to enhanced neuronal lipid metabolism and network activity AI翻译
  作者：Espinoza, Ana P. Verduzco; Na, Na; Campanati, Loraine; Ngo, Priscilla; Baldwin, Kristin K.; Cline, Hollis T.
  作者单位：Scripps Research Institute; Columbia University
  摘要：Microglia regulate neuronal circuit plasticity. Disrupting their homeostatic function has detrimental effects on neuronal circuit health. Neuroinflammation contributes to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), with several microglial activation genes linked to increased risk for these conditions. Inflammatory microglia alter neuronal excitability, inducing metabolic strain. Interestingly, expression of APOE4, the strongest genetic risk fact...
• Conflicting roles of cell geometry, microtubule deflection, and orientation-dependent dynamic instability in cortical array organization AI翻译
  作者：Tian, Tim Y. Y.; Wasteneys, Geoffrey O.; Macdonald, Colin B.; Cytrynbaum, Eric N.
  作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia
  摘要：The self-organization of cortical microtubule (MT) arrays within plant cells is an emergent phenomenon with important consequences for the synthesis of the cell wall, cell shape, and subsequently the structure of plants. Mathematical modeling and experiments have elucidated the underlying processes involved. There has been recent interest in the influence of geometric cues on array orientation, be it direct (cell shape) or indirect (tension in the membrane). However, the mechanical influence o...
• Chelation- induced anti- Ostwald ripening: Ultrafine bismuth nanocrystals for ultrastable aqueous sodium storage AI翻译
  作者：Zhu, Haojie; Cai, Xinlei; Zhu, Dianhui; Kang, Feiyu; Peng, Lu; Zhi, Chunyi; Yang, Cheng
  作者单位：Tsinghua University; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong
  摘要：Aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs) are gaining attention for their inherent safety and the use of abundant sodium resources. Bismuth (Bi) anode, with its high theoretical capacity and low cost, enhances the performance and competitiveness ofASIBs in energy storage applications. However, as a conversion-type material, Bi inevitably undergoes dramatic volume changes during cycling, limiting the structural stability and calendar life of the electrode. Herein, we present a Bi-carbon composite el...
• Vacuum tunneling of vortices in two-dimensional 4He superfluid films AI翻译
  作者：Desrochers, M. J.; Marchand, D. J. J.; Stamp, P. C. E.
  作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia
  摘要：At low temperature T we expect vacuum tunneling processes to occur in superfluid 4He films. We distinguish between extrinsic processes, in which single vortices nucleate by tunneling off boundaries in the system, and intrinsic processes, in which vortex/antivortex pairs nucleate far from boundaries. It is crucial to incorporate the varying effective mass of the vortex in tunneling calculations. The intrinsic processes are the superfluid analogue of the Schwinger mechanism in quantum field theo...
• Bouncing microdroplets on hydrophobic surfaces AI翻译
  作者：McLauchlan, Jamie; Walker, Jim S.; Sanjay, Vatsal; Jalaal, Maziyar; Reid, Jonathan P.; Squires, Adam M.; Souslov, Anton
  作者单位：University of Bath; University of Bristol; Durham University; University of Amsterdam; University of Bath; University of Cambridge
  摘要：Intuitively, slow droplets stick to a surface and faster droplets splash or bounce. However, recent work suggests that on nonwetting surfaces, whether microdroplets stick or bounce depends only on their size and fluid properties, but not on the incoming velocity. Here, we show using theory and experiments that even poorly wetting surfaces have a velocity-dependent criterion for bouncing of aqueous droplets, which is as high as 6 m/s for diameters of 30 to 50 mu m on hydrophobic surfaces such a...
• Joint models reveal human subcortical underpinnings of choice and learning behavior AI翻译
  作者：Miletic, Steven; Stevenson, Niek; Bazin, Pierre-Louis; Alkemade, Anneke; Isherwood, Scott J. S.; Trutti, Anne C.; Tse, Desmond H. Y.; Haberg, Asta K.; Forstmann, Birte U.
  作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; University of Amsterdam; Maastricht University; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
  摘要：Decision making and learning processes together enable adaptive strategic behavior. Animal studies demonstrated the importance of subcortical regions in these cognitive processes, but the human subcortical contributions remain poorly characterized. Here, we study choice and learning processes in the human subcortex, using a tailored ultra-high field 7T functional MRI protocol combined with joint models. Joint models provide unbiased estimates of brain-behavior relations by simultaneously inclu...
• Universal vortex formation time of flapping flight AI翻译
  作者：Sun, Yukun; Palmer, Emily; Dougherty, Christopher; Sbrocco, Cade; Shih, Aspen; Shields, Jena; Roh, Chris
  作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; Cornell University
  摘要：Biological flyers periodically flap their appendages to generate aerodynamic forces. Extensive studies have made significant progress in explaining the physics behind their propulsion in cruising by developing scaling laws of their flight kinematics. Notably Strouhal number (St; ratio of flapping frequency times stroke amplitude to cruising speed) has been found to fall in a narrow range for animal cruising flights. However, St exhibits strong correlation to flight conditions; as such, its uni...
• Amyloid β-dependent neuronal silencing through synaptic decoupling AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Yonghai; Chen-Engerer, Hsing-Jung; Zhang, Kuan; Zott, Benedikt; Varga, Zsuzsanna; Chen, Yang; Chen, Xiaowei; Jia, Hongbo; Sakmann, Bert; Nelken, Israel; Konnerth, Arthur
  作者单位：Technical University of Munich; University of Munich; Technical University of Munich; Army Medical University; Army Medical University; Technical University of Munich; Technical University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Neurobiologie (LIN); Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  摘要：Amyloid n (An)-dependent circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is determined by a puzzling mix of hyperactive and inactive (silent) brain neurons. Recent studies identified excessive glutamate accumulation as a key An-dependent determinant of hyperactivity. The cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal silence depend on both An and tau protein pathologies, with an unknown role of An. Here, by using single-cell-initiated rabies virus (RV) tracing in mouse models of n-amyloidosis, we dem...
• Monoamine-induced diacylglycerol signaling rapidly accumulates Unc13 in nanoclusters for fast presynaptic potentiation AI翻译
  作者：Blaum, Natalie; Ghelani, Tina; Gotz, Torsten W. B.; Chronister, Keagan S.; Bengochea, Mercedes; Ceresnova, Livia; Christensen, Christian F.; Moulin, Thiago C.; Kern, Hanna; Thomas, Ulrich; Heine, Martin; Sigrist, Stephan J.; Walter, Alexander M.
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Free University of Berlin; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Neurobiologie (LIN)
  摘要：Neuromodulators control mood, arousal, and behavior by inducing synaptic plasticity via G-protein-coupled receptors. While long-term presynaptic potentiation requires structural changes, mechanisms enabling potentiation within minutes remain unclear. Using the Drosophila neuromuscular junction, we show that octopamine, the invertebrate analog of norepinephrine, potentiates evoked neurotransmitter release on the timescale of one minute via a G-protein-coupled pathway involving presynaptic OAMB ...