Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• Analytical solutions for light propagation of LED AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Haohui; Zhang, Kaiqing; Wu, Mingzheng; Li, Shupeng; Bodkin, Kevin L.; Kozorovitskiy, Yevgenia; Rogers, John A.; Huang, Yonggang
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Dalian University of Technology; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine
  摘要：Analytical solutions of diffusion theory for light propagation in turbid media are essential for optical diagnostics and therapeutic applications, including cerebral oximetry, hemodynamic monitoring, and photostimulation. While existing solutions work reasonably well for collimated light sources-lasers and optical fibers-analytical solutions for LEDs remain missing, despite the growing use of LEDs in wearable and implantable bioelectronics. We present a method to solve the diffusion theory and...
• Pervasive horizontal transfer of adeno-associated virus capsid genes AI翻译
  作者：Gifford, Robert J.
  作者单位：Stellenbosch University; University of Glasgow
  摘要：Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are nonpathogenic DNA viruses with potent gene delivery capabilities, making them essential tools in gene therapy and biomedical research. Despite their therapeutic importance, key aspects of AAV natural biology remain obscure, complicating efforts to explain rare AAV-associated diseases and optimize gene therapy vectors. By analyzing sequence data from virus isolates and endogenous viral elements (EVEs), I reveal a striking evolutionary pattern: While AAV subli...
• A 75,000-y-old Scandinavian Arctic cave deposit reveals past faunal diversity and paleoenvironment AI翻译
  作者：Walker, Samuel J.; Boilard, Aurelie; Henriksen, Mona; Lord, Edana; Robu, Marius; Buylaert, Jan - Pieter; Beijersbergen, Liselotte M. Takken; Halvorsen, Lene Synnove; Cintron, Adriana M.; Onshuus, Emma Katrin; Cockerill, Christopher Alan; Ujvari, Gabor; Palcsu, Laszlo; Temovski, Marjan; Maccali, Jenny; Linge, Henriette; Olsen, Jesper; Aksnes, Sverre; Bertheussen, Anastasia; Lygre, Ola; Alsos, Inger G.; Dalen, Love; Star, Bastiaan; Hufthammer, Anne Karin; van Kolfschoten, Thijs; Lauritzen, Stein- Erik; Lodoen, Trond Klungseth; Boessenkool, Sanne
  作者单位：University of Oslo; Bournemouth University; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Swedish Museum of Natural History; Stockholm University; Emil Racovita Institute of Speleology; University of Bucharest; Technical University of Denmark; University of Bergen; HUN-REN; HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy & Earth Sciences; Institute for Geological & Geochemical Research - HAS; HUN-REN; HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research; University of Bergen; University of Bergen; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; University of Bergen; Aarhus University; University of Bergen; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Swedish Museum of Natural History; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Shandong University
  摘要：During the last glacial period (similar to 118 to 11.7 ka), the Arctic has been characterized by a major redistribution of flora and fauna as a consequence of extreme climatic fluctuations, with associated glacial advances and retreats, sea-level changes, and shifting sea ice extent. In the high-latitude regions of Northern Europe that are currently subject to rapid climate warming, we lack a comprehensive understanding of faunal biodiversity in the last glacial period due to the extreme rarit...
• Yeast adapts to diverse ecological niches driven by genomics and metabolic reprogramming AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Haoyu; Nielsen, Jens; Zhou, Yongjin J.; Lu, Hongzhong
  作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chalmers University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS
  摘要：The famous model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely present in a variety of natural and human-associated habitats. Despite extensive studies of this organism, the metabolic mechanisms driving its adaptation to varying niches remain elusive. We here gathered genomic resources from 1,807 S. cerevisiae strains and assembled them into a high-quality pangenome, facilitating the comprehensive characterization of genetic diversity across isolates. Utilizing the pangenome, 1,807 strain-specif...
• Maintenance suppression enhances subsequent associative learning AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Ziyao; Lewis-Peacock, Jarrod A.
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
  摘要：Removing irrelevant information from working memory (WM) can free cognitive resources and reduce interference with current task goals. Beyond these immediate benefits, removal may also support long-term memory processes. We tested this hypothesis using an associative memory paradigm with directed forgetting instructions and characterized the underlying neural mechanisms. In complementary behavioral (N = 22) and fMRI (N = 17) experiments, participants completed an ABC associative memory task us...
• Sox11 genes affect neuronal differentiation in the developing zebrafish enteric nervous system AI翻译
  作者：Huang, Yuanyun; Li, Can; Rajan, Ayyappa Raja Desingu; Bronner, Marianne E.
  作者单位：California Institute of Technology
  摘要：The vertebrate enteric nervous system (ENS) is derived from vagal neural crest cells, which enter the foregut as progenitors that migrate from rostral to caudal to populate the entire length of the gut. Here, we show that transcription factors sox11a and sox11b, zebrafish orthologs of the human SOX11 gene, are highly expressed in neural crest cells transitioning from progenitors to differentiating neuronal subtypes. Accordingly, CRISPR-Cas9 depletion shows that loss of sox11 paralogs reduces t...
• Keystone predator and keystone intransitivity and the rescue of a competitively subdominant species AI翻译
  作者：Vandermeer, John; Perfecto, Ivette
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Two significant complications in the structure of ecological communities are its dimensionality (many species interacting) and its network diversity (many ways to wire the interactions). Two classic concepts, the competitive exclusion principle and the keystone predator hypothesis, may frequently be embedded elements within that community structure and partially responsible for generating it. Other less-venerable concepts may be involved. In particular, for the current work, a keystone intrans...
• Can we still use the Michaelis-Menten model for enzymatic microneedle sensors? AI翻译
  作者：Fratus, Marco; Alam, Muhammad A.
  作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
  摘要：Since the 1960s, enzymatic sensors have been vital in healthcare and environmental monitoring due to their high selectivity. Traditionally, their performance is interpreted using the Michaelis-Menten (MM) equation, which assumes idealized, homogeneous, well-mixed laboratory conditions. However, integrating these sensors with microneedle (MN) patches for wearable applications introduces challenges such as spatial and temporal variations and limited reactant availability. Applying the MM model i...
• Spatial and temporal scale-dependent feedbacks govern dynamics of biocrusts in drylands AI翻译
  作者：Sun, Jingyao; Yu, Kailiang; Rietkerk, Max; Chen, Ning; Zhang, Hongxia; Song, Guang; Li, Xinrong
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Princeton University; Utrecht University; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University; Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology; Northwest A&F University - China
  摘要：Biota could be ecosystem engineers in generating an intrinsic heterogeneous landscape through scale- dependent feedbacks. Thereby, they can form resource- enriched patchiness or islands of fertility, comprising self- organizing spatial patterns. Research so far has largely focused on the self- organized spatial patterns of plant communities in drylands. It, however, remains unclear whether and how biocrusts having distinct morphology and life history from plant communities could self- organize...
• Genomics of Neotropical biodiversity indicators: Two butterfly radiations with rampant chromosomal rearrangements and hybridization AI翻译
  作者：van der Heijden, Eva S. M.; Nasvall, Karin; Seixas, Fernando A.; Nobre, Carlos Eduardo Beserra; Maia, Artur Campos D.; Salazar-Carrion, Patricio; Walker, Jonah M.; Szczerbowski, Daiane; Schulz, Stefan; Warren, Ian A.; Cordova, Kimberly Gabriela Gavilanes; Sanchez-Carvajal, Maria Jose; Chandi, Franz; Arias-Cruz, Alex P.; Rueda-M, Nicol; Salazar, Camilo; Dasmahapatra, Kanchon K.; Montgomery, Stephen H.; McClure, Melanie; Absolon, Dominic E.; Mathers, Thomas C.; Santos, Camilla A.; McCarthy, Shane; Wood, Jonathan M. D.; Lamas, Gerardo; Bacquet, Caroline; Freitas, Andre Victor Lucci; Willmott, Keith R.; Iggins, Chris D. J.; Elias, Marianne; Meier, Joana I.
  作者单位：Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; University of Cambridge; Harvard University; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Braunschweig University of Technology; Universidad del Rosario; University of York - UK; University of Bristol; Ifremer; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Sorbonne Universite; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite PSL; College de France
  摘要：A central question in evolutionary biology is what drives the diversification of lineages. Rapid, recent radiations are ideal systems for this question because they still show key morphological and ecological adaptations associated with speciation. While most research on recent radiations focuses on those occurring in insular environments, less attention has been given to continental radiations with complex species interactions. Here, we study the drivers of continental radiations of Melinaea ...