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作者：Gangwar, Shanti Pal; Yelshanskaya, Maria V.; Nadezhdin, Kirill D.; Yen, Laura Y.; Newton, Thomas P.; Aktolun, Muhammed; Kurnikova, Maria G.; Sobolevsky, Alexander I.
作者单位：Columbia University; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Columbia University; Columbia University; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Kainate receptors, a subclass of ionotropic glutamate receptors, are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels that mediate excitatory neurotransmission 1-4 . Kainate receptors modulate neuronal circuits and synaptic plasticity during the development and function of the central nervous system and are implicated in various neurological and psychiatric diseases, including epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety and autism 5-11 . Although structures of kainate receptor domains and subunit assembl...
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作者：Berthier, Etienne; Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Raup, Bruce; Zemp, Michael
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; University of Zurich
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作者：Nogrady, Bianca
摘要：A generation of farmers and scientists are finding ways to sequester carbon in the soil while improving crop yields.
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作者：Walde, Andrew D.; Demaya, Gift S.; Behangana, Mathias; Luiselli, Luca
作者单位：Makerere University
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作者：Loveland, Anna B.; Koh, Cha San; Ganesan, Robin; Jacobson, Allan; Korostelev, Andrei A.
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester; University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester
摘要：Angiogenin, an RNase-A-family protein, promotes angiogenesis and has been implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and epigenetic inheritance1-10. After activation during cellular stress, angiogenin cleaves tRNAs at the anticodon loop, resulting in translation repression11-15. However, the catalytic activity of isolated angiogenin is very low, and the mechanisms of the enzyme activation and tRNA specificity have remained a puzzle3,16-23. Here we identify these mechanisms using biochemi...
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作者：Fedorenko, Evelina; Piantadosi, Steven T.; Gibson, Edward A. F.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Language is a defining characteristic of our species, but the function, or functions, that it serves has been debated for centuries. Here we bring recent evidence from neuroscience and allied disciplines to argue that in modern humans, language is a tool for communication, contrary to a prominent view that we use language for thinking. We begin by introducing the brain network that supports linguistic ability in humans. We then review evidence for a double dissociation between language and tho...
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作者：Kozlov, Max
摘要：Study in rats shows that a key brain signal linked to memory formation deteriorates after broken sleep.
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作者：Kulkarni, Sumeet
摘要：Sports physicist Eric Goff explains how updates to the technology can help referees to make the toughest calls.
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作者：Li, Kai; Chatterjee, Avradip; Qian, Chen; Lagree, Katherine; Wang, Yang; Becker, Courtney A.; Freeman, Michael R.; Murali, Ramachandran; Yang, Wei; Underhill, David M.
作者单位：Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Cedars Sinai Medical Center
摘要：Phagocytosis is the process by which myeloid phagocytes bind to and internalize potentially dangerous microorganisms(1). During phagocytosis, innate immune receptors and associated signalling proteins are localized to the maturing phagosome compartment, forming an immune information processing hub brimming with microorganism-sensing features(2-8). Here we developed proximity labelling of phagosomal contents (PhagoPL) to identify proteins localizing to phagosomes containing model yeast and bact...
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作者：Lindhout, Feline W.; Krienen, Fenna M.; Pollard, Katherine S.; Lancaster, Madeline A.
作者单位：MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; Princeton University; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; The J David Gladstone Institutes; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI); University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：The evolution of the modern human brain was accompanied by distinct molecular and cellular specializations, which underpin our diverse cognitive abilities but also increase our susceptibility to neurological diseases. These features, some specific to humans and others shared with related species, manifest during different stages of brain development. In this multi-stage process, neural stem cells proliferate to produce a large and diverse progenitor pool, giving rise to excitatory or inhibitor...
