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作者：Zhang, Li; Yang, Ziqiang; Mao, Ho-kwang
摘要：Earth's lower mantle is dominated by (Mg,Fe)SiO3 bridgmanite. It was reported that (Mg,Fe)SiO3 decomposes into an Fe-depleted bridgmanite phase and an iron-rich phase with a hexagonal structure (H-phase) under high pressure-temperature conditions of the deep lower mantle at depth >2,000 km. The nature of the decomposition reaction remains elusive due to the lack of information on the crystal chemistry of the H-phase. Using the multigrain method for high-pressure structure determination, here w...
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作者：Boumasmoud, Mathilde; Leon-Sampedro, Ricardo; Beusch, Vera; Benz, Fabienne; Arnoldini, Markus; Hall, Alex R.
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Pasteur Network; Institut Pasteur Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Pasteur Network; CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Institut Pasteur Paris; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：Gut microbial community composition varies from one person to another. Potentially, this means the ecological interactions experienced by individual strains or species also vary among microbiomes of different people. However, testing this directly in human microbiomes and identifying ecological drivers involved are challenging. Here, we use replicated anaerobic microcosms to quantify variability of population growth for a key commensal species among microbiome samples from different individual...
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作者：Lin, Yuan; Franco, Victorino; Wang, Jing; Law, Jia Yan; Chen, Yunzhong; Sun, Jirong; Zhao, Tongyun; Hu, Fengxia; Shen, Baogen
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geology & Paleontology, CAS; Institute of Physics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of Sevilla; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, CAS
摘要：The demand for thermal management of electronics is rapidly increasing due to the prosperity of information technology. However, the two major alternatives, convective cooling and vapor compression technologies, have limitations for the effective refrigeration of microchips, namely the low convective heat-transfer coefficient of gas, and the need of large compressors, not to mention the low efficiency of compressor cooling and its use of greenhouse refrigerant. Herein, we establish a full soli...
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作者：Parkinson, Eoin W.
作者单位：University College Cork
摘要：This paper examines human life history evolution across the transition to agriculture in Europe through an integrated analysis of growth, diet, activity, and demography. Life history theory considers how organisms allocate energy toward defense, reproduction, maintenance, and growth, and how such functions trade-off against each other in response to ecological constraints and is therefore fundamental to understanding human adaptation to social, economic, and cultural change. Through analysis o...
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作者：Weed, Lara; Zeitzer, Jamie M.
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; Stanford University
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作者：Gu, Shimin; Gu, Dangen; Shu, Lu; Lin, Zhiqiang; Tu, Weishan; Wang, Yuchen; Liu, Xuan
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geology & Paleontology, CAS; Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Shihezi University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Hebei University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Climate change induced extreme weather events (EWEs) and invasive species are major threats to global biodiversity and social economy; however, the unique role of EWEs in facilitating biological invasions remains uncertain. Here, we compiled an extensive dataset of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over the past 70 y covering thousands of kilometers of the Southeast China coast. Through intensive field surveys and environmental DNA investigations, we found that the richness and relative abun...
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作者：Naughton, Noel; Tekinalp, Arman; Shivam, Keshav; Kim, Seung Hyun; Khairnar, Apoorva; Kindratenko, Volodymyr; Gazzola, Mattia
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated
摘要：A long-standing engineering problem, the control of soft robots is difficult because of their highly nonlinear, heterogeneous, anisotropic, and distributed nature. Here, bridging engineering and biology, neural reservoirs are employed for the dynamic control of a bio-hybrid model arm made of multiple muscle-tendon groups enveloping an elastic spine. We show how the use of reservoirs facilitates simultaneous control and self-modeling across challenging tasks, outperforming classic neural networ...
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作者：Toth, Zsuzsanna E.; Barath, Monika; Pape, Veronika F. S.; Sipos, Klaudia; Boros, Adel P.; Durst, Mate; Varnai, Peter; Sirokmany, Gabor; Geiszt, Miklos
作者单位：Semmelweis University; Semmelweis University; Semmelweis University
摘要：The presence of neuromelanin is a characteristic feature of the human substantia nigra (SN); however, the mechanism of its synthesis and its role in the development of Parkinson's disease remain unclear. Here, we report that the host defense enzyme lactoperoxidase (LPO), which possesses broad antimicrobial activity on mucosal surfaces, is selectively expressed in human dopaminergic neurons, a feature not shared by the rodent SN. We also demonstrate that LPO can catalyze multiple steps of melan...
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作者：Wei, Wen; Lin, Man; Bishop, Trent; Shahriari, Ryan; Hao, Yue; Graham, Logan; Coggins, Bret L.; Jee, Hannah; Fonseca, Emma; Neupane, Swatantra; Wang, Li; Xu, Sen; Kim, Erin; Lynch, Michael; Ye, Zhiqiang
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Translational Genomics Research Institute; University of Notre Dame; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; Central China Normal University
摘要：The evolution of genetic sex determination (GSD) from environmental sex determination (ESD) remains a fundamental issue in evolutionary biology. However, the mechanisms driving the transition, particularly in its earliest stages, are largely unknown. Here, we report a genetic variant in the ESD species, Daphnia pulex, in which structural variations on chromosome I have suppressed recombination. This suppression appears to have facilitated the accumulation of divergent features of two chromosom...
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作者：Huang, Sheng; Hori, Kiyosumi; Yamaji, Naoki; Yoshioka, Yuma; Ning, Min; Nagaya, Yu; Miyaji, Takaaki; Mitani-Ueno, Namiki; Inoue, Shin-ichiro; Kim, June-Sik; Kashino, Miho; Ma, Jian Feng
作者单位：Hunan Agricultural University; Okayama University; National Agriculture & Food Research Organization - Japan; Okayama University; Okayama University; Saitama University; RIKEN
摘要：As a staple food for half the world's population, rice is an important dietary source of magnesium (Mg), an essential mineral for human health. Enhanced Mg accumulation in rice grains has also been linked to eating quality. However, the mechanisms underlying Mg transport to the grains remains poorly understood. Here, we report that OsMGR2, a member belonging to Magnesium Release (MGR) family, is required for Mg accumulation in rice grains. OsMGR2 encodes a plasma membrane-localized transporter...
