27期

最新文章

• Assessing the foundations of forensic identification evidence: A critical examination of proficiency test design and results AI翻译
  作者：Scurich, Nicholas; Albright, Thomas D.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Salk Institute
  摘要：Proficiency testing is widely used to assess expertise in medicine, engineering, and other high-stakes fields. In forensic science, such tests are often cited in court as evidence that pattern-comparison methods are accurate and reliable. Yet, the scientific value of proficiency testing depends on test design, scoring rules, and the extent to which results support valid inferences about real-world performance. A recent proficiency test of forensic firearm identification-the comparison of bulle...
• Neuropeptide signaling and the blood-brain barrier generate a persistent stress-induced internal state in Drosophila AI翻译
  作者：Alia, Abdalla G.; Hu, Xinyue; Gu, Yuzhe; Yau, Janviere; Tian, Guangnan; Semmelhack, Julie L.; Saito, Kokoro; Tanimoto, Hiromu; Tsuyuzaki, Koki; Naganos, Shintaro; Miyashita, Tomoyuki; Saitoe, Minoru; Hirano, Yukinori
  作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Baylor College of Medicine; Baylor College Medical Hospital; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Misr University for Science & Technology; Tohoku University; Chiba University; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Okayama University
  摘要：Although fear conditioning has elucidated cue-evoked acute fear responses, the mechanisms by which stress experiences induce generalized internal states linked to anxiety or phobia are poorly understood. Here, we report that robust stress induces a persistent behavioral change characterized by avoidance of a confined space, claustrophobia-like behavior (CLB) in Drosophila. Unlike aversive memory formation, the development of CLB does not require dopamine receptors. Our neuronal screening deter...
• Reward prediction is encoded by orexin neuron activity during motivated behavior AI翻译
  作者：Dong, Yutao; Rahaman, Sheikh Mizanur; Zhu, Wenjun; Inutsuka, Ayumu; Ono, Daisuke; Tanaka, Rinako; Matsuzaki, Tetsuo; Shibata, Eiji; Isobe, Madoka; Izawa, Shuntaro; Yamanaka, Akihiro; Yamada, Kiyofumi; Mizoguchi, Hiroyuki
  作者单位：Nagoya University; Nagoya University; Aichi Medical University; University of Tsukuba; University of Tsukuba; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing
  摘要：Orexin neurons regulate physiological functions, such as energy homeostasis, wakefulness, and motivated behaviors. However, studies linking orexin neuron activity to behavior via selectively activating/inactivating these inputs in a temporally controlled manner in rats are scarce. Here, we examined the role that orexin neurons play in motivated behavior in transgenic rats using cell type-specific fiber photometry and optogenetic manipulation. Using chemogenetics, we found that motivation for a...
• A human lysosomal storage disorder toolkit for decoding proteome landscapes in cortical-like and dopaminergic-like induced neurons AI翻译
  作者：Kraus, Felix; He, Yuchen; Jiang, Yizhi; Li, Delong; Ambaw, Yohannes A.; Gasparoli, Federico M.; Paulo, Joao A.; Walther, Tobias C.; Farese, Robert V.; Gygi, Steven P.; Wilfling, Florian; Harper, J. Wade
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Max Planck Society; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; University of British Columbia
  摘要：Lysosomes maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading proteins delivered via endocytosis and autophagy and by recycling building blocks for organelle biogenesis. Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) comprise a group of diseases affecting diverse lysosomal functions. To facilitate molecular phenotyping across diverse LSD gene classes, we are developing a library of human embryonic stem cells engineered to lack individual LSD genes as a resource for the field. Here, we report our initial stem cell ...
• Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics AI翻译
  作者：Tsakiri, Eleni; Campos-Marques, Carlos; Ploumi, Christina; Skourti, Kalliopi; Roussos, Antonis; Mytilinaiou, Eirini; Vamvaka Iakovou, Anastasia; Ferreira, Ildete Luisa; Dioli, Chrysoula; Gianniou, Despoina D.; Samiotaki, Martina; Campos, Jonas; Waites, Clarissa; Sousa, Nuno; Trougakos, Ioannis P.; Silva, Joana M.; Rego, A. Cristina; Sotiropoulos, Ioannis; Palikaras, Konstantinos
  作者单位：National & Kapodistrian University of Athens; Universidade do Minho; Laboratorio Associado ICVS 3B's; National Centre of Scientific Research Demokritos; Universidade de Coimbra; Universidade de Coimbra; Universidade de Coimbra; National & Kapodistrian University of Athens; Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center; Cornell University; Columbia University; Weill Cornell Medicine; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Columbia University; Centro Universitario Salesiano de Sao Paulo; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade de Coimbra
  摘要：Mitochondrial damage is a shared hallmark of brain aging and neurodegeneration. While pathological Tau mutations disrupt mitochondrial dynamics and function, the physiological role of wild-type (WT) Tau in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans and mice lacking PTL-1, the nematode Tau-like homolog, and Tau respectively, we demonstrate that Tau deficiency promotes a shift toward a pro-fusion mitochondrial state associated with ...
• Injury-induced tau pathology promotes aggressive behavior in Drosophila without neurodegeneration AI翻译
  作者：Maxson, Roilea; Smoyer, Christine J.; Hampton, Megan F.; Shen, Yusheng; Wiese, Kailea; Yee, Cheryl; Singh, Aishini; Funtila, Alexandria; McKenney, Richard J.; Ori-McKenney, Kassandra M.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Kansas; University of Kansas Medical Center
  摘要：The microtubule-associated protein tau is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, but its physiological roles remain poorly understood. Here, we find that panneuronal expression of human tau (HsTau) in Drosophila coupled with injury triggers elevated aggression in male flies, which was not observed in flies expressing nonphosphorylatable tau. These behavioral manifestations result from activation of dopaminergic circuits without neurodegeneration. Using in vitro reconstitution assays, we fin...
• Ecology is not yet ready for AI-and why that matters ( vol 123 , e2533976123 , 2026) AI翻译
  作者：Mishra, Gayatri
• A general framework for predicting the ecological effects of range expansions in marine systems AI翻译
  作者：Beshai, Ryan A.; Sorte, Cascade J. B.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
  摘要：Warming global temperatures are driving species to shift beyond their historical geographic ranges into novel, expanded ranges, where they may have both positive and negative effects on recipient populations. Although no framework currently exists to anticipate these effects, invasion biology theory suggests expanders' effects may be predictable from expanders' historical roles and trophic positions. We conducted a global synthesis of over 1,200 population-level effects of marine range-expandi...
• Large language models accurately identify decision reasons in verbal reports AI翻译
  作者：Fulawka, Kamil; Hertwig, Ralph; Wulff, Dirk U.
  作者单位：Technische Universitat Dresden; Max Planck Society; University of Basel
  摘要：Understanding the reasons behind human choices under risk is a central goal of decision scientists, but traditional methods relying on behavioral data are limited by strict invariance assumptions. We introduce a scalable analytical framework using large language models (LLMs) to analyze verbal reports and identify articulated reasons for choice between monetary lotteries. A validated LLM accurately identified predefined decision reasons in participants' free-text reports, aligning with their a...
• Extracellular sulfatases support cartilage homeostasis by regulating BMP and FGF signaling pathways (vol 107, pg 10202, 2010) AI翻译
  作者：Otsuki, Shuhei; Hanson, Sarah R.; Miyaki, Shigeru; Grogan, Shawn P.; Kinoshita, Mitsuo; Asahara, Hiroshi; Wong, Chi-Huey; Lotz, Martin K.