29期

最新文章

• Productivity gains and work conditions in coercive labor markets: Experimental evidence from the Bangladesh brick sector AI翻译
  作者：Miller, Grant; Biswas, Debashish; Mahajan, Aprajit; Babiarz, Kimberly Singer; Brooks, Nina; Brunner, Jessie; Ashraf, Sania; Shane, Jack; Scarabosio, Alvise; Maithel, Sameer; Ahmed, Shoeb; Mahzab, Moogdho; Uddin, Mohammad Rofi; Rahman, Mahbubur; Luby, Stephen P.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Western Australia; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET); CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Uppsala University; Stanford University
  摘要：Productivity growth in competitive labor markets can improve worker welfare over time through higher wages or better conditions, but it is unclear if productivity gains benefit workers in coercive labor markets (where force or threats shape employment). We examine this issue in the Bangladesh brick sector using a randomized trial that introduced a more efficient production method. Despite large productivity improvements, we find no reduction in (high) rates of labor trafficking or child labor....
• Hydrodynamic dispersion drives viral-cellular contact for gene delivery in porous media AI翻译
  作者：Srikanth, Vishal; Mallory, Micah; Ulmer, Andrew J.; Legant, Wesley R.; Kuznetsov, Andrey V.; Brudno, Yevgeny
  作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; North Carolina State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; North Carolina State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
  摘要：Reactive biological processes often hinge on rare collisions between particles whose transport is governed by disparate advective, diffusive, and sedimentary mechanisms. Biological cell-virus encounters offer a uniquely quantifiable instance of this general problem: collisions between particles whose transport is governed by entirely different physical mechanisms, yet whose interactions determine system-level function. In stagnant liquids, nanoscale viral vectors explore space only via slow Br...
• Active thermodynamics of inertial chiral active gases: Equation of state and edge currents AI翻译
  作者：Caprini, Lorenzo; Musacchio, Marco; Marconi, Umberto Marini Bettolo; Liebchen, Benno; Lowen, Hartmut
  作者单位：Sapienza University Rome; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; University of Camerino; Technical University of Darmstadt
  摘要：One of the most fundamental quests in the physics of active matter concerns the existence of a comprehensive theory for its macroscopic properties, i.e. an active thermodynamics. Recently, despite progress in developing this field, crucial questions, such as the influence of chirality on the thermodynamics of active matter, remain open-even in the simplest and most generic case of the ideal active gas. Here, we derive and experimentally verify key elements of the active thermodynamics of ideal...
• Virtual ultrasound machine operating in a GHz to MHz frequency range for particle-based biomedical simulations AI翻译
  作者：Coko, Urban; Potisk, Tilen; Praprotnik, Matej
  作者单位：National Institute of Chemistry - Slovenia; University of Ljubljana; University of Barcelona
  摘要：Ultrasound-matter interactions underpin numerous biomedical and soft-matter applications, yet simulating these phenomena is challenging due to the large separation of viscous and sonic time scales. Continuum methods capture large-scale wave propagation but cannot resolve microscale interactions, while particle-based approaches offer molecular resolution but struggle with efficiency and stability at larger scales. We introduce a particle-based virtual ultrasound machine that uses a smoothed dis...
• APOBEC2 acts as an enforcer of lymphocyte lineage identity AI翻译
  作者：Golzari-Sorkheh, Mahdieh; Zuniga-Pflucker, Juan Carlos
  作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Center; Sunnybrook Research Institute
• Dopaminergic neurons preferentially accumulate mtDNA rearrangements AI翻译
  作者：Arguello, Tania; Alcalde Pretel, Christian D.; Nissanka, Nadee; Van Booven, Derek; Pinto, Milena; Rodriguez-Silva, Monica; Theard, Lise-Michelle; Griswold, Anthony J.; Moraes, Carlos T.
  作者单位：University of Miami; University of Miami; University of Miami; University of Miami; University of Miami
  摘要：High levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions have been described in the substantia nigra. However, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We found that transient expression of a mitochondrial targeted restriction endonuclease (mitoPstI) in mice leads to an accumulation of mtDNA rearrangements that involve both the PstI cleavage sites and unrelated specific regions of the mtDNA, including the MTERF1 binding site and the edge of the D-loop. This pattern of rearrangements after doub...
• Contributions of intra- and extracellular antibiotic degradation to collective β-lactam survival AI翻译
  作者：Gross, Rotem; Mungan, Muhittin; Das, Suman G.; Yuksel, Melih; Maier, Berenike; Bollenbach, Tobias; de Visser, J. Arjan G. M.; Krug, Joachim
  作者单位：University of Cologne; Uppsala University; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; University of Bern; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; Wageningen University & Research
  摘要：Collective antibiotic resistance occurs when populations of bacteria survive antibiotic treatments that are lethal to individual bacteria, which affects the efficacy of drug therapies. An important mechanism of collective resistance against widely used beta-lactams is the production of drug-degrading beta-lactamases. Here, we integrate experiments with mathematical modeling to understand the collective survival of Escherichia coli challenged with cefotaxime (CTX). At near-lethal CTX concentrat...
• Reading taste in a bee's face AI翻译
  作者：Nieh, James C.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
• Orbitofrontal noradrenaline supports adaptive learning-rate adjustment in probabilistic reversal learning AI翻译
  作者：Plat, Hadrien; Chevallier, Coline; Piccin, Alessandro; Marchand, Alain R.; Naude, Jeremie; Coutureau, Etienne
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Bordeaux; CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Universite de Montpellier
  摘要：Adaptive decision-making in dynamic environments requires flexible adjustment of learning speed to balance stability and flexibility. When outcomes are highly stochastic, learners must avoid over-interpreting noise and update more slowly, whereas in volatile environments where contingencies change frequently, learning should accelerate to rapidly incorporate new evidence. Theories propose that internal estimates of uncertainty tune learning rates through neuromodulation-dependent mechanisms. H...
• Finding Turing islands through dynamical exploration AI翻译
  作者：Sole, Ricard
  作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; ICREA