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作者：Wang, Xianyang; Gomozkova, Margaryta; Li, Siqi; Banerjee, Biswarup; Zong, Guanghui; Missiakas, Dominique; Wang, Lai - Xi
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Chicago
摘要：Antibody effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and various complement-dependent activities are critically influenced by the structure and composition of Fc N-glycans. Terminal galactosylation is generally associated with enhanced Fc gamma RIIIA binding and C1q recruitment, thereby improving antibody activities. Recent structural studies suggest that terminal galactose can restrict glycan flexibility and stabilize Fc conformation by interacting with CH2 doma...
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作者：Abrams, Leah; Bramajo, Octavio; van Raalte, Alyson; Myrskyla, Mikko; Mehta, Neil K.
作者单位：Tufts University; University of Zurich; Max Planck Society; University of Helsinki; University of Texas System; University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston
摘要：US life expectancy remained essentially flat in the 2010s. This trend has occurred in the presence of advancing innovations in medical care, especially for chronic disease, and a growing economy. While research has identified selected contributing factors, including deaths of despair and cardiovascular disease mortality stagnation, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mortality dynamics has not been provided. Notably missing is a systematic evaluation of birth cohort dynamics of mor...
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作者：Borer, Benedict; V. Subhas, Adam; Hayden, Matthew G.; Woosley, Ryan J.; Babbin, Andrew R.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Evidence for the shallow cycling of calcium carbonate in the global ocean is mounting, but the mechanisms driving the dissolution of thermodynamically stable polymorphs, like aragonite and calcite, in the surface ocean remain unconstrained. Here, we quantify how microbial metabolism creates acidic microenvironments in marine particles that enhance the local dissolution of calcite despite supersaturated conditions in bulk waters. A temporal decoupling of particle deoxygenation and acidification...
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作者：Deng, Liangzi; Habamahoro, Thacien; Safezoddeh, Artin; Karki, Bishnu; Kazibwe, Sudaice; Schulze, Daniel J.; Wu, Zheng; Julian, Matthew; Prasankumar, Rohit P.; Zhou, Hua; Smith, Jesse S.; Hosur, Pavan R.; Chu, Ching-Wu
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Intellectual Ventures; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory
摘要：Superconductivity has been a vigorously researched topic since its discovery in 1911. Raising the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) has been the main driving force behind such long-sustained efforts due to its potential for impacting humanity and the fundamental knowledge gained from understanding this macroscopic coherent quantum state at high temperatures. The successful development of high-Tc superconductivity will make possible extraordinarily efficient generation, delivery, and ...
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作者：Dodd, Peter J.; Horton, Katherine C.
作者单位：University of Sheffield; University of Sheffield; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
摘要：Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern and the leading infectious cause of mortality globally. The disease exhibits strong prevalence patterns by age and sex, but the implications of these patterns for likely TB exposure and transmission have not previously been systematically assessed. We combined estimates of social mixing patterns and TB prevalence for 177 countries to estimate the proportion of TB exposure to and transmission from age groups and sexes. We found that a majority ...
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作者：Wang, Aaron; Yang, Fan; Ovchinnikov, Mikhail; Krueger, Steven K.; Shaw, Raymond A.
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Brookhaven National Laboratory; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Michigan Technological University
摘要：Stratocumulus-topped boundary layers play a crucial role in influencing daily weather and earth energy balance. Entrainment at the stratocumulus cloud top affects the cloud's lifetime, precipitation, and radiative properties, but our understanding remains limited due to the lack of resolution in both field observations and numerical simulations. A recently proposed convection-cloud chamber with detailed control of sidewall temperatures can provide a unique opportunity to explore this mechanism...
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作者：Yang, Xue - Ke; Shi, Yu - Long; Li, Ming; Li, Tong - Xia; Yang, Jian; Lei, Jie; Cui, Chi; Peng, Xiang; Zha, Hong - Chu; Luo, Gan - Gan; Yao, Yi - Bo; Chen, Si - Tong; Du, Jun - Song; Wang, Hui - Juan; Xu, Shi - Qi; Zhang, Pei; Tian, Bo
作者单位：Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan University of Science & Technology
摘要：Personal experiences are encoded and stored in memory engram cells and are crucial for social preference dynamics in future social contexts, yet the neural circuit mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Here, we develop a mouse model that combines self- experienced single social defeat stress with vicarious social defeat stress, demonstrating a social preference with defeat stress- experienced cagemate and social avoidance activation, and chemogenetic manipulations confirm their suff...
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作者：Scott-Solache, James; Pei, Jiaxin; Drew, James; Lopez-Domenech, Guillermo; Jolivet, Renaud B.; Nieto-Rostro, Manuela; Davenport, Elizabeth C.; Arancibia-Carcamo, I. Lorena; Attwell, David; Kittler, Josef T.
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; University of London; University College London; Maastricht University; University of London; University College London; Francis Crick Institute
摘要：Microglia use a highly complex and dynamic network of branched processes to sense and respond to their surroundings. Despite emerging evidence that microglial motility plays important roles in brain development, neurodegeneration, and neuropsychiatric disease, little is known about the intracellular machinery orchestrating microglial process dynamics. Here, we identify roles for regulators of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling microglial behavior. We show that the actin branching Arp2/3 com...
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作者：Deutsch, Matthew J.; Selinger, Robin L. B.; van der Schoot, Paul
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Kent State University; Kent State University Kent; Kent State University Salem; University System of Ohio; Kent State University; Kent State University Kent; Kent State University Salem; Eindhoven University of Technology
摘要：Liquid crystal mesophases of achiral molecules are normally achiral, yet in a few materials they spontaneously segregate and form right- and left-handed chiral domains. One mechanism that drives chiral segregation is molecular shape fluctuations between axial chiral conformations, where molecular interactions favor matching chirality and promote helical twist. Cooperative chiral ordering may also play a role in chirality amplification, as when a tiny fraction of chiral dopant drives a nematic ...
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作者：Knopper, Konrad; Rao, Anshul; An, Jinping; Cyster, Jason G.
作者单位：Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：Dendritic cell (DC) migration is critical for initiating adaptive immune responses. Previous work suggested a role for ATP-binding cassette transporter C1 (ABCC1) in skin DC migration following cutaneous fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) exposure, but the precise mechanism involved was unclear. Here, we establish that the primary contribution ofABCC1 to skin DC function following FITC exposure is not modulation of migration, but enhancement of survival. Our findings demonstrate that ABCC1 oper...
