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作者：Liu, Xuyang; Cai, Wensheng; Fu, Haohao; Shao, Xueguang
作者单位：Nankai University; Nankai University; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations
摘要：Revealing the complex mechanisms of protein folding, including the transient intermediate states that govern the process, is a fundamental goal in computational biophysics. While molecular dynamics (MD) simulations generate vast amounts of data to this end, extracting a clear kinetic model from these complex, high-dimensional trajectories remains a significant challenge. We present AI-Based conditional transition clustering (CTC), a framework for analyzing MD trajectories that directly address...
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作者：Zheng, Aiqiu; Yu, Dan; Meng, Xin; Gong, Shumin; Ye, Jiale; Zhou, Hui; Chen, Mo; An, Shuming; Ma, Jun; Li, Can; Cao, Jun - Li; Wu, Kunwei
作者单位：Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou Medical University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI)
摘要：Exposure therapy for anxiety disorders relies on fear extinction to reduce pathological fear responses. Here, we show that while effective at diminishing conditioned fear, extinction training paradoxically enhances fear generalization to safe stimuli through activation of the locus coeruleus-dentate gyrus (LC-DG) noradrenergic circuit. Specifically, LC norepinephrine release during extinction stimulates DG GABAergic neurons via beta 1-adrenergic receptors, engaging a PKA/CREB-dependent signali...
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作者：Chen, Catherine; Gong, Xue L.; Tseng, Christine; Klein, Daniel L.; Gallant, Jack L.; Deniz, Fatma
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Technical University of Berlin
摘要：Billions of people throughout the world are bilingual, and they can extract meaning from multiple languages. While some evidence suggests that there is a shared system in the human brain for processing semantic information from native and non-native languages, other evidence suggests that semantic processing is language specific. We conducted a study to determine how semantic information for different languages is represented in the brains of bilinguals. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (...
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作者：Cui, Kaiming; Xiao, Guang-Yao; Feng, Fabo; Liu, Beibei; Nayakshin, Sergei; Hall, Cassandra; Guo, Kangrou; Lai, Dong; Ogihara, Masahiro; Rui, Yicheng; Boss, Alan P.; Butler, R. Paul; Xuan, Yifan
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Warwick; University of Warwick; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; University of Leicester; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Cornell University; Carnegie Institution for Science
摘要：Giant planets and brown dwarfs play a crucial role in star and planet formation as they are situated at the boundary between planets and stars with uncertain formation mechanisms. Previous observational searches for the formation boundary were hampered by the lack of large unified samples of wide-orbit giant planets and substellar companions. A combined analysis of radial velocity and astrometry mitigates this problem and has significantly enlarged the sample. Here, we present a rigorous stati...
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作者：Schmid, Franca
作者单位：University of Bern
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作者：Aharonov, Y.; Collins, D.; Popescu, S.
作者单位：Chapman University System; Chapman University; Chapman University System; Chapman University; Tel Aviv University; University of Bristol
摘要：The existence of electromagnetic radiation-radio waves, microwaves, light, X-rays, and so on-is one of the most important physical phenomena, and our ability to manipulate them is one of the most significant technological achievement of humankind. Underlying this ability is our understanding of how radiation is produced: Whenever an electric charge is accelerated, it radiates. Or, at least, this is how it has been hitherto universally thought. Here, we prove that quantum mechanically electric ...
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作者：Tarvestad-Laise, Kate; Monsen, Robert C.; Crotchett, Brandon L. M.; Rush, Jamie S.; Ganipisetti, Srinivasrao; Valmon, Rajachandrasekhar; DeLeeuw, Lynn; Burlison, Joseph; Trent, John O.; Ceresa, Brian P.
作者单位：University of Louisville; University of Louisville; University of Louisville
摘要：Growth factor receptor signaling is a critical component of tissue growth, homeostasis, and wound healing. However, receptor desensitization limits the use of exogenous growth factors as a restorative agent therapeutically. An example of this is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the corneal epithelium. Despite laboratory data indicating that EGFR activity accelerates corneal re-epithelialization in mice and rabbits, the clinical administration of EGF to damaged corneal epithelium ...
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作者：Yang, Vicky Chuqiao; Holehouse, James; Youn, Hyejin; Arroyo, Jose Ignacio; Redner, Sidney; West, Geoffrey B.; Kempes, Christopher P.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); The Santa Fe Institute; Seoul National University (SNU); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Function diversity, the range of tasks individuals perform, and specialization, the distribution of function abundances, are fundamental to complex adaptive systems. In the absence of overarching principles, these properties have appeared domain-specific. Here, we introduce an empirical framework and a mathematical model for the diversification and specialization of functions across disparate systems, including bacteria, federal agencies, universities, corporations, and cities. We find that th...
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作者：Chen, Wanlin; Gruebele, Martin; Havenith, Martina; Hebel, Kurt J.; Scaletti, Carla
作者单位：Ruhr University Bochum; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a thermoresponsive homopolymer, is a well-established model for investigating coil-to-globule transitions. Here, we combine to elucidate the roles of intramolecular and PNIPAM-solvent hydrogen-bond (H-bond) patterns in the PNIPAM globule-coil equilibrium. Our analysis separates the driving forces for compaction into two contributions: the entropic gain from the loss of hydration water around hydrophobic patches and the enthalpic stabilization from water H-...
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作者：Jing, Xinxin; Wang, Haozhi; Huang, Jianxiang; Liu, Yingying; Li, Zimu; Chen, Jielin; Xu, Yiqun; Li, Lingyun; Lin, Yunxiao; Buratto, Damiano; Xia, Qinglin; Pan, Muchen; Wang, Yue; Li, Mingqiang; Zhou, Ruhong; Mann, Stephen; Fan, Chunhai; Liu, Xiaoguo
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, CAS; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Bristol
摘要：The organizational complexity of biominerals has long fascinated scientists seeking to understand biological programming and implement new developments in biomimetic materials chemistry. Nonclassical crystallization pathways have been observed and analyzed in typical crystalline biominerals, such as calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and ferric oxide, involving the controlled attachment and reconfiguration of nanoparticles and clusters on organic templates. However, the understanding of tem...
