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作者：Leaver, Clare; Ozier, Owen; Serneels, Pieter; Zeitlin, Andrew
作者单位：University of Oxford; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Williams College; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of East Anglia; Georgetown University
摘要：This paper reports on a two-tiered experiment designed to separately identify the selection and effort margins of pay for performance (P4P). At the recruitment stage, teacher labor markets were randomly assigned to a pay-for-percentile or fixed-wage contract. Once recruits were placed, an unexpected, incentive-compatible, school-level re-randomization was performed so that some teachers who applied for a fixed-wage contract ended up being paid by P4P, and vice versa. By the second year of the ...
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作者：Kohlhas, Alexandre N.; Walther, Ansgar
作者单位：Imperial College London
摘要：We document that the expectations of households, firms, and professional forecasters in standard surveys simultaneously extrapolate from recent events and underreact to new information. Existing models of expectation formation, whether behavioral or rational, cannot account for these observations. We develop a rational theory of extrapolation based on limited attention, which is consistent with this evidence. In particular, we show that limited, asymmetric attention to procyclical variables ca...
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作者：Bau, Natalie
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Policies may change the incentives that allow cultural practices to persist. To test this, I study matrilocality and patrilocality, kinship traditions that determine daughters' and sons' post-marriage residences, and thus, which gender lives with and supports parents in their old age. Two separate policy experiments in Ghana and Indonesia show that pension policies reduce the practice of these traditions. I also show that these traditions incentivize parents to invest in the education of child...
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作者：Akcigit, Ufuk; Alp, Harun; Peters, Michael
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; Yale University
摘要：Delegating managerial tasks is essential for firm growth. Most firms in developing countries, however, do not hire outside managers but instead rely on family members. In this paper, we ask if this lack of managerial delegation can explain why firms in poor countries are small and whether it has important aggregate consequences. We construct a model of firm growth where entrepreneurs have a fixed time endowment to run their daily operations. As firms grow large, the need to hire outside manage...
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作者：Attar, Andrea; Mariotti, Thomas; Salanie, Francois
作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); INRAE; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：This paper studies competitive allocations under adverse selection. We first provide a general necessary and sufficient condition for entry on an inactive market to be unprofitable. We then use this result to characterize, for an active market, a unique budget-balanced allocation implemented by a market tariff making additional trades with an entrant unprofitable. Motivated by the recursive structure of this allocation, we finally show that it emerges as the essentially unique equilibrium outc...
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作者：Fetzer, Thiemo; Souza, Pedro C. L.; Vanden Eynde, Oliver; Wright, Austin L.
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Chicago
摘要：How do foreign powers disengage from a conflict? We study this issue by examining the recent, large-scale security transition from international troops to local forces in the ongoing civil conflict in Afghanistan. We construct a new dataset that combines information on this transition process with declassified conflict outcomes and previously unreleased quarterly survey data of residents' perceptions of local security. Our empirical design leverages the staggered -roll-out of the transition, a...
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作者：Avery, Christopher; Pathak, Parag A.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：School choice systems aspire to delink residential location and school assignments by allowing children to apply to schools outside of their neighborhood. However, choice programs also affect incentives to live in certain neighborhoods, and this feedback may undermine the goals of choice. We investigate this possibility by developing a model of public school and residential choice. School choice narrows the range between the highest and lowest quality schools compared to neighborhood assignmen...
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作者：Almunia, Miguel; Antras, Pol; Lopez-Rodriguez, David; Morales, Eduardo
作者单位：CUNEF Universidad; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Banco de Espana; Princeton University
摘要：We study the relationship between domestic-demand shocks and exports using data for Spanish manufacturing firms in 2002-2013. Exploiting plausibly exogenous geographical variation caused by the Great Recession, we find that firms whose domestic sales declined by more experienced a larger increase in export flows, controlling for firms' supply determinants. This result illustrates the capacity of export markets to counteract the negative impact of local demand shocks. By structurally estimating...
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作者：Moretti, Enrico
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The high-tech sector is concentrated in a small number of cities. The ten largest clusters in computer science, semiconductors, and biology account for 69 percent, 77 percent, and 59 percent of all US inventors, respectively. Using longitudinal data on 109,846 inventors, I find that geographical agglomeration results in significant productivity gains. When an inventor moves to a city with a large cluster of inventors in the same field, she experiences a sizable increase in the number and quali...
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作者：Abebe, Girum; Caria, A. Stefano; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Warwick; University of Oxford
摘要：We study how search frictions in the labor market affect firms' ability to recruit talented workers. In a field experiment in Ethiopia, we show that an employer can attract more talented applicants by offering a small monetary incentive for making a job application. Estimates from a structural model suggest that the intervention is effective because the cost of making a job application is large, and positively correlated with jobseeker ability. We provide evidence that this positive correlatio...
