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作者：Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Damon, Amy; Francis, David C.; Mitchell, Harrison
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Macalester College; The World Bank; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Violent conflict between nomadic herders and settled agricultural communities in Nigeria occurs as both groups clash over the use of land and natural resources, in part, due to a changing climate. We generate theory and evidence to study the labor responses of individuals within agricultural households to herder-related violence and consider a shadow of violence mechanism, whereby previous exposure to a violent event alters labor responses to a recent event. Using panel data from 2010 through ...
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作者：Nyqvist, Martina Bjorkman; von Carnap, Tillmann; Guariso, Andrea; Svensson, Jakob
作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Milano-Bicocca; Stockholm University
摘要：Climate change is increasing the intensity of extreme weather events. Health is a primary channel through which climate change affects welfare. Yet, estimates of the mitigating effects of health system strengthening are largely missing. We combine data from a randomized trial inducing variation in healthcare access with naturally-occurring variation in growing-season precipitation to study the adaptive impact of community healthcare in a low-income country setting. The risk of infant death inc...
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作者：Huang, Zenghe; Dong, Xiaofang
作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University
摘要：This study examines the impact of flooding on human capital investment in China. We find that early flood exposure significantly reduces educational attainment and the likelihood of entering high school in rural areas, particularly in regions with lower flood risk, non-detention basins, and counties without flood control dams. Income and opportunity cost effects contribute to these outcomes, with floods disproportionately affecting students from poor households. The emergence of low-skilled an...
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作者：Lafave, Daniel; Peet, Evan; Thomas, Duncan
作者单位：Colby College; RAND Corporation; Duke University
摘要：The agricultural household model, in which decisions about production and consumption are made simultaneously, lies at the heart of many models of development. Empirically modelling these simultaneous choices is not straightforward. The vast majority of empirical studies assume that farm-households behave as if markets are complete: in that case decision-making simplifies to a recursive system where consumption choices can be treated as if they are made after all production decisions. Previous...
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作者：Roy, Sutirtha Sinha; van der Weide, Roy
作者单位：The World Bank; The World Bank
摘要：The last expenditure survey released by India's National Sample Survey organization dates back to 2011, which underpins the last official estimates of poverty and inequality. This paper adopts anew approach to estimate India's poverty and inequality trajectory since 2011 using a newly available household panel survey conducted by the private sector. The results suggest that (1) extreme poverty is estimated to be lower in 2019 than in 2011, with greater poverty reductions likely in rural areas,...
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作者：Poignant, Adrian
作者单位：University of Gothenburg
摘要：This paper studies the impact of electricity rationing on female employment during Tajikistan's winter energy crisis, 2009-2015. Reduced access to electricity led to a decline in female employment as women left the workforce to become homemakers. The negative employment effect is specific to women and does not appear to be driven by changes in labor demand, involuntary unemployment, labor migration or fertility patterns. However, the decline in female employment is accompanied by a lower adopt...
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作者：Ahsan, Nazmul; Emran, M. Shahe; Jiang, Hanchen; Shilpi, Forhad
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Columbia University; University of North Texas System; University of North Texas Denton; The World Bank
摘要：Many available data sets are not used for estimating intergenerational mobility owing to concerns about sample truncation bias in coresident data. Using data from Bangladesh, Chile, Ghana, India, Indonesia, and Mexico, we report the first evidence that the bias in estimated sibling correlation, a broad measure of relative mobility, is small in coresident samples (4.30%), much smaller than that in intergenerational regression coefficient (10.25%). The low bias reflects offsetting effects of sam...
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作者：Hao, Xinya; Huang, Yongying; Zhang, Lin
作者单位：City University of Hong Kong; Wuhan University; City University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper develops a theoretical framework and provides causal evidence explaining the rationality of government-imposed power rationing strategies during high-temperature periods in electricity systems lacking market mechanisms and price signals. By combining comprehensive panel data on Chinese firms with highresolution meteorological data, we document robust evidence that high temperatures significantly reduce both electricity usage and operational performance among firms. We then construct...
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作者：Huang, Guangbo; Liu, Chong; Xi, Tianyang; Xu, Huayu; You, Wei
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University
摘要：We examine the agricultural and economic impacts of China's South-North Water Diversion Project, a massive initiative that channels water from the resource-rich south to the drier north. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that the project increases total grain output by 8.2% and raises agricultural productivity by 4.7% in water-receiving counties. It also mitigates the adverse effects of drought shocks, leading to modest increases in local incomes. Improved water availability ...
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作者：Beuermann, Diether W.; Hoffmann, Bridget; Stampini, Marco; Vargas, David L.; Vera-Cossio, Diego
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：A key challenge for policymakers in lowand middle-income countries is to design a method to select beneficiaries of social programs when income is unobservable and volatile. We use a unique panel dataset of a random sample of households in Colombia's social registry that contains information before, during, and after the 2020 economic crisis to evaluate a traditional static proxy-means test (PMT) and three policy-relevant alternatives. We consider targeting metrics and social welfare under dif...
