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作者：Luo, Wei; Tang, Lixin; Yang, Yaxin; Zou, Xianqiang
作者单位：University of Jinan; University of Jinan; Renmin University of China
摘要：Industrial robots can improve workplace safety by performing hazardous tasks on behalf of workers. This paper examines the impact of industrial robots on workplace safety in China. We find that a one-standard-deviation increase in robot exposure reduces annual workplace accidents and fatalities by 0.100 and 0.0133 cases per thousand population, compared to sample averages of 0.122 accidents and 0.0351 fatalities. These findings are robust to an instrumental variable strategy and various robust...
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作者：Asad, Sher Afghan; Ahmad, Husnain Fateh; Majid, Hadia
作者单位：Lahore University of Management Sciences; Trinity University
摘要：We investigate gender discrimination in an online marketplace in Pakistan. Employing buyer profiles that signal gender, we experimentally engage in transactions with sellers on the platform. We find no evidence of discrimination in pricing or product quality, suggesting that digital marketplaces may neutralize traditional economic biases. However, significant gender differences persist in non-price interactions. Female buyers are significantly more likely to receive unsolicited messages and fr...
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作者：Iyer, Lakshmi; Weir, Coleson
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：Using updated data, we analyze the long-run effects of two British colonial institutions established in India. Iyer (2010) showed that areas under direct colonial rule had fewer schools, health centers, and roads than areas under indirect colonial rule. Two decades later, we find that these differences have been eliminated, and that the gaps in poverty, health and educational attainment are also smaller. Banerjee and Iyer (2005) found lower agricultural investments and productivity in areas wi...
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作者：Agneman, Gustav; Cappelen, Christoffer; Brandt, Kasper; Sjoeberg, David
作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); University of Copenhagen
摘要：The ability of states to exercise authority often varies considerably within their borders, yet we lack reliable empirical measures of the uneven reach of states. In this paper, we develop a methodology to predict state presence at granular spatial resolutions and demonstrate the approach using data from Sub-Saharan Africa. We link a range of indicators of state presence, e.g., infrastructural data, with geolocated survey data of residents' experiences with subnational governance. Then, we emp...
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作者：Fernandes, Ana P.; Duanmu, Jing-Lin
作者单位：Universidade de Lisboa; University of Exeter
摘要：This paper investigates how banking integration affects export dynamics. To estimate the causal link, we exploit the phased liberalization of the Chinese banking industry to foreign competition across cities, based on WTO accession commitments, and use transaction-level data for all Chinese exporters. Following deregulation of foreign banks' local-currency business, the increased local presence of foreign banks from the importing country raises export entry, the number of products and initial ...
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作者：Chen, yen-Chien; Fan, Elliott; Ho, Yu-Hsin; Lee, Matthew Yi-Hsiu; Liu, Jin-Tan
作者单位：National Taipei University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Despite the shared Confucian culture and economic development trajectories, women in Taiwan currently enjoy a much greater socio-economic status than their counterparts in South Korea and Japan. This study investigates a potential factor contributing to this striking difference: the reserved seats for women in Taiwan's local councils. The quota assignment rule creates a 'zigzag' proportional function of female councilors, providing a unique estimation opportunity. We find that exposure to fema...
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作者：Bourguignon, Francois; Platteau, Jean-Philippe
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; University of Namur
摘要：We explore the implications of allowing a poverty-averse donor to monitor aid use within the familiar context of the needs vs. aid effectiveness tradeoff. The paper focuses on the optimal aid allocation between countries when the donor simultaneously decides about aid shares and country-specific monitoring effort at increasing the amount reaching the poor. Endogenizing aid effectiveness is shown to raise the poor's income in the worse-governed country, yet not necessarily in the better-governe...
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作者：Huang, Hai; Huang, Wei; Shi, Xinzheng; Zhang, Ming-ang
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University
摘要：This study examines how gender composition in high-stakes examination settings affects academic performance, using data from over 250,000 students in China's National College Entrance Examination (Gaokao). Leveraging random seating assignments, we show that female students significantly improve their scores and increase their chances of university admission when seated with more female peers, particularly those in immediate view. Male students show no significant response. These positive effec...
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作者：Dang, Thang
作者单位：University of Turku; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH); Ho Chi Minh City University Economics
摘要：Exploiting a policy reform mandating participation in a 300-h language training course in Norway, I investigate the multigenerational health effects of a comprehensive language training program. I document the significant positive impacts of the program, not only on the long-term integration of refugees into the healthcare system but also on the health of the next generation. The program improves the cumulative use of primary care services for 12 years after arrival by 44%. This increase is pr...
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作者：Crost, Benjamin; Felter, Joseph H.; Yamasaki, Yoko
作者单位：University of Calgary; Stanford University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Some types of economic activities exacerbate civil conflict while others mitigate it, but there is little systematic evidence on how characteristics of an activity determine its effect on conflict. We provide such evidence by analyzing how movements in the prices of 26 agricultural commodities, comprising 84 percent of total agricultural output, affect conflict in the Philippines. We find that increases in the value of labor-intensive commodities lead to larger reductions (or smaller increases...
