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作者：Janzen, Sarah; Magnan, Nicholas; Mullally, Conner; Sharma, Shruti; Shrestha, Bhola
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：We test whether access to a hybrid distance learning program can expand professional training opportunities where women's labor force participation is low. Qualified women were randomly selected to train as community animal health workers through either a traditional training course requiring 35 consecutive days away from home or a distance learning course requiring two shorter stays plus a tablet-based home curriculum. Distance learning increases training completion rates from 30% to 51%. Dis...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Claudia, Martinez A.; Puentes, Esteban
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Inter-American Development Bank; Universidad de Chile
摘要：Individual behavioral biases can affect savings behavior. We conduct an experiment to evaluate different strategies to increase savings. We compare an automatic savings plan (or default rule), monthly reminders, and a rule-of-thumb savings package that appeals to careful spending. We find that rule-of-thumb and default rules can increase savings for one year after the intervention. In contrast, reminders can reduce account balances and debt levels. The increase in savings under the default rul...
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作者：Kotsogiannis, Christos; Salvadori, Luca; Karangwa, John; Murasi, Innocente
作者单位：University of Exeter; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Autonomous University of Barcelona; University of Exeter
摘要：Difficult to find another policy shift that has promised as much for tax compliance in developing countries as digitalization. Yet the evidence on its impact is scant. Using the universe of tax filings in Rwanda over the period 2012-2019, this paper investigates the extent to which digitalization (in the form of e-invoicing) has impacted on VAT compliance and in particular the effectiveness of tax audits. The evidence suggests that on the aggregate e-invoicing adoption has increased firms' net...
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作者：Bertinelli, Luisito; Coemertpay, Rana; Maystadt, Jean-Francois
作者单位：University of Luxembourg; Universite Catholique Louvain; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Lancaster University
摘要：This study explores how forced migration affects ethnic diversity and conflict in 23 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2016. Using UNHCR data on refugee camp locations, we predict changes in local ethnic diversity. By integrating Afrobarometer and Ethnic Power Relations-Ethnicity of Refugees datasets, we analyse the link between refugee-induced diversity and conflict occurrence. Findings indicate that refugee-induced polarization increases the risk of local violence, while fractionali...
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作者：Decerf, Benoit; Ferrando, Mery; Quinn, Natalie Nairi
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Namur; Tilburg University; University of Oxford
摘要：There is growing support for monitoring global poverty using a measure that accounts for both own and relative income. We show how-in the context of heterogeneous preferences over these factors-the wellknown conflict between fairness and welfare-consistency can be resolved, providing the first preference-based foundation for both the established societal global poverty line and the recently proposed hierarchical poverty indices. We reformulate one hierarchical index as a modified headcount rat...
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作者：Sakketa, Tekalign Gutu; Maggio, Dan; Mcpeak, John
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Syracuse University
摘要：Droughts are among the leading causes of livestock mortality and conflict among pastoralist populations in East Africa. To foster climate resiliency in these populations, Index Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) products have become popular. These products, which allow herders to hedge climate risk, often utilize remote-sensed data to trigger indemnity payouts, thus ameliorating moral hazard issues associated with standard insurance products. We study how one such program in southern Ethiopia in...
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作者：Canavire-Bacarreza, Gustavo; Puerta-Cuartas, Alejandro; Ramos, Andrey
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Banco de Espana; The World Bank
摘要：This paper examines the impact of wildfire events on poverty and the labor market in Bolivia. To this end, we match data from NASA's MODIS Collection-6 MCD64A1 burned area product with household surveys for the period 2005-2020. Similar neighboring municipalities are clustered using the max-p-region algorithm to achieve survey representativeness at granular geographical levels. The causal effects of wildfire events on poverty, household per capita income, and agricultural income are estimated ...
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作者：Duryea, Suzanne; Millan-Quijano, Jaime; Morrison, Judith; Oviedo, Yanira
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of Navarra
摘要：In this paper, we document de facto, implicit, and explicit racial biases within the public employment service in Colombia. By combining administrative data about job seekers and job openings with direct surveys to job counselors, including a Race Implicit Association Test, we measure different types of racial bias. We find that while job counselors do not self-report biased attitudes against Afro-descendant individuals, the majority exhibit high levels of implicit bias, which also correlates ...
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作者：Easterly, William; Pennings, Steven
作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank
摘要：Previous literature suggests that leaders matter for growth in general. This paper asks: which leaders matter? We develop a method to estimate the idiosyncratic growth contribution of individual leaders (relative to their compatriots) and, drawing on Armstrong et al. (2022), calculate its uncertainty via a robust empirical Bayes confidence internal (EBCI). We show that most intuitive estimate of a leader's contribution-the average growth rate during their tenure-is mostly useless for measuring...
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作者：Tan-Soo, Jie-Sheng; Cheng, Mingda; Chen, Shuai
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Zhejiang University
摘要：This study evaluates the labor supply implications of China's Dibao program, one of the largest means-tested cash transfer initiatives globally. Leveraging its unique payment structure, which ensures a smooth income transition at the eligibility threshold, we employ a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to identify causal effects on employment outcomes. Despite the program's design to minimize disincentives, we find that Dibao beneficiaries are 46.2 % less likely to be employed after enrollm...
