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作者：Harris-Fry, Helen; Cortina-Borja, Mario
作者单位：University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of London; University College London
摘要：Households' allocative decisions have potentially large implications for the health and welfare of their members. We analyze a dataset of rural Bangladeshi households to estimate: (i) a benchmark level of nutritional adequacy that households could afford by selecting different foods and reallocating them among members, and (ii) the associated trade-offs in terms of income and equity preferences. Using a novel set of non-linear health production functions, we show that households can afford ade...
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作者：Garred, Jason; Yuan, Song
作者单位：University of Ottawa; Zhejiang University
摘要：Rising global political tensions and increasing use of trade policies are popularly seen as potential threats to globalization. Will these factors lead to the 'decoupling' of affected economies, or reshape relations between trade partners in more complex ways? We consider this question by studying the recent evolution of the economic relationship between China and the US, in the context of a sharp fall in direct China-US trade. Using firm-level and product-level data, we show that Chinese manu...
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作者：Chatterjee, Santanu; Lebesmuehlbacher, Thomas; Narayanan, Abhinav
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University System of Ohio; Xavier University; Reserve Bank of India
摘要：We investigate the impact of road infrastructure on labor markets in India's manufacturing sector by using the variation in time spent by firms and households on completed sections of a major highway construction project. While the skill composition and overall employment remain unchanged, we find that the skill premium rises three years after the completion of a highway segment, primarily in larger firms that use transportation assets intensively. Labor market frictions significantly influenc...
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作者：Shi, Julie; Yang, Wanyu; Yuan, Ye
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Dongbei University of Finance & Economics; Dongbei University of Finance & Economics
摘要：A key challenge in expanding public health insurance programs is how to deliver these programs costeffectively with limited budget. This paper studies a value-based insurance design that introduced prescription drug coverage for two chronic diseases-hypertension and diabetes. This targeted drug coverage scheme increased the use of primary care and sharply reduced hospitalizations, leading to substantial net savings in total medical expenditure. Three operating channels were in play. First, a h...
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作者：Atalar, Deniz
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：This paper theoretically and empirically shows that trade liberalization can have serious effects on firms within a third country which was not party to the trade liberalization, but which previously benefited from the trade barrier in trading with the liberalizing country. The liberalization increases competition for exporters in the third country, just as it does for firms in the liberalizing country. When a policy of liberalization is implemented towards a country that specializes in low qu...
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作者：Jolevski, Filip; Nayyar, Gaurav; Pleninger, Regina; Yu, Shu
作者单位：The World Bank; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：This paper examines spillovers in the use of digital technologies from formal to informal businesses by exploring differences in geographic proximity. Using a unique set of geocoded data from the 2019 World Bank Enterprise Surveys in Zambia, the findings indicate that geographic proximity to formal firms is associated with a significantly higher likelihood of digital adoption by informal businesses. The finding holds for various types of digital technologies, including computers, tablets, cell...
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作者：Barriga-Cabanillas, Oscar; Blumenstock, Joshua E.; Lybbert, Travis J.; Putmand, Daniel S.
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：A series of recent papers demonstrate that mobile phone metadata can, together with machine learning, estimate the wealth of individual subscribers and accurately target cash transfer programs. In the context of an emergency cash transfer program in Haiti, we combine surveys and mobile phone call detail records (CDR) to test whether such methods can be used to estimate the program's impact on household expenditures. We find that CDR-based predictions of total and food expenditures are much les...
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作者：Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Damon, Amy; Francis, David C.; Mitchell, Harrison
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Macalester College; The World Bank; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Violent conflict between nomadic herders and settled agricultural communities in Nigeria occurs as both groups clash over the use of land and natural resources, in part, due to a changing climate. We generate theory and evidence to study the labor responses of individuals within agricultural households to herder-related violence and consider a shadow of violence mechanism, whereby previous exposure to a violent event alters labor responses to a recent event. Using panel data from 2010 through ...
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作者：Nyqvist, Martina Bjorkman; von Carnap, Tillmann; Guariso, Andrea; Svensson, Jakob
作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Milano-Bicocca; Stockholm University
摘要：Climate change is increasing the intensity of extreme weather events. Health is a primary channel through which climate change affects welfare. Yet, estimates of the mitigating effects of health system strengthening are largely missing. We combine data from a randomized trial inducing variation in healthcare access with naturally-occurring variation in growing-season precipitation to study the adaptive impact of community healthcare in a low-income country setting. The risk of infant death inc...
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作者：Huang, Zenghe; Dong, Xiaofang
作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University
摘要：This study examines the impact of flooding on human capital investment in China. We find that early flood exposure significantly reduces educational attainment and the likelihood of entering high school in rural areas, particularly in regions with lower flood risk, non-detention basins, and counties without flood control dams. Income and opportunity cost effects contribute to these outcomes, with floods disproportionately affecting students from poor households. The emergence of low-skilled an...
