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作者：Schuett, Florian; Wagner, Alexander K.
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of Konstanz
摘要：Hindsight bias is a cognitive deficiency that leads people to overestimate ex post how predictable an event was. In this paper we develop a political-agency model in which voters are hindsight-biased and politicians differ in ability, defined as information concerning the optimal policy. When public information is not too accurate, low-ability politicians sometimes gamble on suboptimal policies: in an attempt to mimic the high-ability type, who has superior private information, they go against...
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作者：Almas, Ingvild; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Lind, Jo Thori; Sorensen, Erik O.; Tungodden, Bertil
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Oslo
摘要：This paper shows one way of generalizing the standard framework of inequality measurement to allow for a distinction between fair and unfair inequalities. We introduce the unfairness Lorenz curve and the unfairness Gini, which are generalizations of the standard versions of the Lorenz curve and the Gini. With this more general framework in place, we study the implications of responsibility-sensitive theories of justice for the evaluation of the income distribution in Norway from 1986 to 2005. ...
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作者：Aaberge, Rolf; Mogstad, Magne; Peragine, Vito
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Oslo; Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
摘要：In this paper, we introduce a new family of rank-dependent measures of inequality and social welfare; consistent with the equality of opportunity (EOp) principle. The proposed framework can be used to measure long-term as well as short-term EOp, depending on whether we let permanent income or snapshots of income form the basis of the analysis. Furthermore, it allows for both an ex-ante and an ex-post approach to EOp. There is long-term ex-post inequality of opportunity if individuals who exert...
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作者：Krautheim, Sebastian; Schmidt-Eisenlohr, Tim
作者单位：University of Oxford; Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：Larger firms are more likely to use tax haven operations to exploit international tax differences. We study tax competition between a large country and a tax haven. In the large country, heterogeneous firms operate under monopolistic competition and can choose to shift profits abroad. We show that a higher degree of firm heterogeneity (a mean-preserving spread of the cost distribution) increases the degree of tax competition, i.e. it decreases the equilibrium tax rate of the large country, lea...
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作者：Chong, Alberto; Guillen, Jorge; Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; George Washington University; Universite Catholique de Lille; EDHEC Business School
摘要：Using new data we analyze retrenchment programs before privatization, their effect on prices paid and rehiring policies pursued by the new private owners. We find evidence in support of skimming and adverse selection. We find that some labor retrenchment policies have a negative impact on net privatization prices, even after taking sample selection bias and endogeneity into account. Some downsizing policies may lead to a higher frequency of post-privatization re-hiring. Skill-biased retrenchme...
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作者：Gregg, Paul; Grout, Paul A.; Ratcliffe, Anita; Smith, Sarah; Windmeijer, Frank
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Bristol; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：A number of papers have suggested that pro-social behaviour in the workplace may be sensitive to the institutional environment, but there is little empirical research that attempts to test this directly using data on worker behaviour. This is the aim of this paper. We show that individuals in the non-profit sector are significantly more likely to do unpaid overtime than those in the for-profit sector. However, we find no evidence of adjustment along either the extensive or intensive margins wh...
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作者：Imberman, Scott A.
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：Charter schools have seen dramatic growth over the last decade. However, we know little about how they affect traditional public schools. I look at how charters affect student outcomes in public schools using data from a large urban school district in the southwest. Unlike prior work that relies on school fixed effects, I address the endogenous location of charter schools using an instrumental variables strategy that relies on plausibly exogenous variation in local building supply. Results sho...
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作者：McManus, Brian; Bennet, Richard
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：We conduct a field experiment at a nonprofit organization's online store to study how demand changes when consumers' purchases can generate revenue for a charitable cause. When purchases can trigger a small donation by an outside anonymous group, consumers respond strongly and apparently without regard for the specific conditions that trigger the donation. Consumers respond similarly when the outside donation requires a personal donation which consumers generally decline. When the outside dona...
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作者：Markevich, Andrei; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina
作者单位：New Economic School; University of Warwick; Paris School of Economics
摘要：We test the premise of the theoretical literature that M-form political hierarchies are effective in creating yardstick competition between regional divisions only when those divisions have sufficiently diversified or similar industrial composition. The reason for this is that the competition among poorly diversified interrelated divisions creates incentives for regional leaders to pursue policies that inhibit industrial growth in neighboring regions in order to make their own region look bett...
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作者：Carrell, Scott E.; Hoekstra, Mark; West, James E.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of California System; University of California Davis; United States Department of Defense; United States Air Force; United States Air Force Academy
摘要：The increase in obesity over the past 30 years has led researchers to investigate the role of social networks as a contributing factor. However, several challenges make it difficult to demonstrate a causal link between friends' physical fitness and own fitness using observational data. To overcome these problems, we exploit data from a unique setting in which individuals are randomly assigned to peer groups. We find statistically significant positive peer effects that are roughly half as large...
