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作者：Shin, Donggyun; Solon, Gary
作者单位：Kyung Hee University; Michigan State University
摘要：Many recent studies have investigated trends in U.S. men's earnings volatility, but the studies based on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics appear to conflict with each other and with studies based on other data. We critique some of the existing methods of measuring earnings volatility, and we advocate for transparent methods that focus on simple measures of dispersion in year-to-year earnings changes. Applying such measures in the PSID, we find that, apart from the well-known counter-cyclical...
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作者：Ghatak, Maitreesh; Mueller, Hannes
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE)
摘要：We re-examine the labor donation theory of not-for-profits and show that these organizations may exist not necessarily because motivated workers prefer to work in them, or that they dominate for-profits in terms of welfare, but because the excess supply of motivated workers makes the non-profit form more attractive to managers. We show that if firms had to compete for motivated workers then not-for-profit firms would be competed out by for-profit firms. Therefore, in the choice between not-for...
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作者：Cuff, Katherine; Marceau, Nicolas; Mongrain, Steeve; Roberts, Joanne
作者单位：University of Calgary; McMaster University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Simon Fraser University
摘要：This paper characterizes optimal policies in the presence of tax evasion and undocumented workers. In equilibrium, domestic workers may work exclusively in the formal sector or also in the informal sector. Surprisingly, in equilibrium, wages are always equalized between domestic and undocumented workers, even if they do not work in the same sectors of the economy. This is driven by the interaction of firm level decisions with optimal government policy. We also find that enforcement may not alw...
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作者：Habyarimana, James; Jack, William
作者单位：Georgetown University; Georgetown University
摘要：We report the results of a randomized field experiment aimed at improving the safety of long-distance mini-busses or matatus in Kenya. Our intervention combines evocative messages aimed at motivating passengers to speak up against bad driving with a lottery that rewards matatu drivers for keeping the stickers in place. Independent insurance claims data were collected for more than 2000 long-distance matatus before and after the intervention. Our results indicate that insurance claims fell by a...
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作者：Durevall, Dick; Henrekson, Magnus
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); University of Gothenburg
摘要：This paper carries out a critical reappraisal of the two contending theories purporting to explain long-run government spending: Wagner's Law and different variants of the ratchet effect. We analyze data spanning from the early 19th century until the present day in Sweden and the United Kingdom. Hence, in contrast to previous studies, we evaluate the validity of Wagner's Law and the ratchet effect hypothesis over a very long time period, starting at the beginning of industrialization. Cointegr...
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作者：Immordino, Giovanni; Pagano, Marco; Polo, Michele
作者单位：Bocconi University; University of Salerno; University of Naples Federico II
摘要：When firms' research can lead to potentially harmful innovations, public intervention may thwart their incentives to undertake research by reducing its expected profitability (average deterrence) and may guide the use of innovation (marginal deterrence). We compare four policy regimes: laissez faire, ex-post penalties and two forms of authorization - lenient and strict. If fines are unbounded, laissez faire is optimal if the social harm from innovation is sufficiently unlikely; otherwise, regu...
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作者：Arin, K. Peren; Chmelarova, Viera; Feess, Eberhard; Wohlschlegel, Ansgar
作者单位：University of Bonn; Massey University; Australian National University; Zayed University; European Central Bank; Frankfurt School Finance & Management
摘要：Following the financial crisis, many countries introduced fiscal stimulus packages making budget consolidations in the future rather challenging. Using a data set for 28 OECD countries spanning the period 1978-2007, we contribute to the literature on success probabilities of consolidation attempts by exploring the impact of corruption, and in particular the interplay of corruption and the choice of the policy instrument. We find that corruption significantly reduces the success rate. When cont...
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作者：Bombardini, Matilde; Trebbi, Francesco
作者单位：University of British Columbia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper investigates the relationship between the size of interest groups in terms of voter representation and the interest group's campaign contributions to politicians. We uncover a robust hump-shaped relationship between the voting share of an interest group and its contributions to a legislator. This pattern is rationalized in a simultaneous bilateral bargaining model where the larger size of an interest group affects the amount of surplus to be split with the politician (thereby increa...
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作者：Anand, Paul; Krishnakumar, Jaya; Ngoc Bich Tran
作者单位：University of Geneva; University of Oxford; Open University - UK; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：The paper contributes to the operationalisation of the capabilities approach to welfare economics by developing and analyzing data on the freedoms of adults in Argentina. Specifically, it reports on the development and delivery of a survey instrument for measuring capabilities, calculates for each respondent a Nehring-Puppe type index of capabilities and examines the distribution of index scores. The main analytic part of the paper then goes on to develop a generalized linear latent and mixed ...
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作者：Bucovetsky, S.
作者单位：York University - Canada
摘要：If migration between communities is costless, and if policy makers in each community anticipate the migration response to policy changes, then the interests of the two communities are perfectly aligned. Decentralization is efficient. This incentive equivalence is well-known. However, the first-order approach used in virtually all the literature may obscure the fact that no convexity assumptions need be made about technology or tastes. This fact underscores the relevance of incentive equivalenc...
