2014

最新文章

• Public open-space conservation under a budget constraint AI翻译
  作者：Wu, JunJie
  作者单位：Oregon State University; Renmin University of China; Resources for the Future
  摘要：This paper analyzes the fiscal and land value impacts of public open-space conservation in a budget-constrained city. It derives the necessary and sufficient conditions for open-space conservation to increase the level of municipal services and the total land value within the city. The theoretical results, together with the empirical evidence found in the literature, suggest that open-space conservation can increase the level of municipal services and total land value in a significant share of...
• Immigration policy and counterterrorism AI翻译
  作者：Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu; Sandler, Todd
  作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
  摘要：In a developing country, terrorists recruit and allocate their capital, skilled labor, and unskilled labor between domestic and foreign targets. Domestic targets require less skilled labor than foreign targets. Under various strategic scenarios, we show how countermeasures against the different terrorist inputs alter the amount and mix of targets, as well as how skilled and unskilled immigration quotas by a targeted foreign country affect this mix of attacks. We find that increases in skilled ...
• What makes annuitization more appealing? AI翻译
  作者：Beshears, John; Choi, James J.; Laibson, David; Madrian, Brigitte C.; Zeldes, Stephen P.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Yale University; Harvard University; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：We conduct and analyze two large surveys of hypothetical annuitization choices. We find that allowing individuals to annuitize a fraction of their wealth increases annuitization relative to a situation where annuitization Is an all or nothing decision. Very few respondents choose declining real payout streams over flat or increasing real payout streams of equivalent expected present value. Highlighting the effects of inflation increases demand for cost of living adjustments. Frames that highli...
• Regulation versus taxation AI翻译
  作者：Alesina, Alberto; Passarelli, Francesco
  作者单位：Harvard University; University of Teramo; Bocconi University
  摘要：We study which policy tool and at what level a majority chooses in order to reduce activities with negative externalities. We consider three instruments: a rule, that sets an upper limit to the activity which produces the negative externality, a quota that forces a proportional reduction of the activity, and a proportional tax on it. For all instruments the majority chooses levels which are too restrictive when the activity is performed mainly by a small fraction of the population, and when co...
• See no evil: Information chains and reciprocity AI翻译
  作者：Steiger, Eva-Maria; Zultan, Ro'i
  作者单位：University of Munich; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
  摘要：We study experimentally voluntary contributions to public goods when none, some, or all previous decisions are observable. When agents observe previous moves, they tend to condition their cooperation on observed cooperation. This leads to two effects of increased transparency: on the one hand, early movers are more likely to cooperate in order to encourage those who observe them to cooperate. On the other hand, as transparency increases, later movers are less likely to cooperate because they a...
• Media slant against foreign owners: Downsizing AI翻译
  作者：Friebel, Guido; Heinz, Matthias
  作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Cologne
  摘要：Using a unique data set from nationally distributed quality newspapers in Germany, we find evidence for both quantitative and qualitative media slant against foreign firms. A downsizing foreign firm receives almost twice as much attention as a domestic firm, and the tone of media reports is more negative. Media slant is a measure for economic xenophobia directed against foreign owners, which constitutes an obstacle to foreign direct investment. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
• The effect of school construction on test scores, school enrollment, and home prices AI翻译
  作者：Neilson, Christopher A.; Zimmerman, Seth D.
  作者单位：Yale University
  摘要：This paper provides new evidence on the effect of elementary and middle school construction projects on home prices, academic achievement, and school enrollment. Combining the staggered implementation of a comprehensive school construction project in a poor urban district with panel data on student test scores and neighborhoods of residence, we find that, by six years after building occupancy, school construction increases reading scores by 0.15 standard deviations relative to the year before ...
• The incidence of transaction taxes: Evidence from a stamp duty holiday AI翻译
  作者：Besley, Timothy; Meads, Neil; Surico, Paolo
  作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Bank of England; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of London; London Business School
  摘要：This paper exploits the 2008-09 stamp duty holiday in the United Kingdom to estimate the incidence of a transaction tax on housing. The average reduction in the after-tax sale price is found to be around 900 against the backdrop of an average tax reduction of about 1500 pound. While we estimate an increase in transactions of properties affected by the tax holiday around 8%, most of this effect appears to have reversed rapidly after the policy was withdrawn, suggesting mostly a short-term retim...
• Gender quotas and the quality of politicians AI翻译
  作者：Baltrunaite, Audinga; Bello, Piera; Casarico, Alessandra; Profeta, Paola
  作者单位：Stockholm University; Universita della Svizzera Italiana; Bocconi University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
  摘要：We analyze the effects of the introduction of gender quotas in candidate lists on the quality of elected politicians, as measured by the average number of years of education. We consider an Italian law which introduced gender quotas in local elections in 1993, and was abolished in 1995. As not all municipalities went through elections during this period, we identify two groups of municipalities and use a Difference in differences estimation. We find that gender quotas are associated with an in...
• The Scandinavian model-An interpretation AI翻译
  作者：Barth, Erling; Moene, Karl O.; Willumsen, Fredrik
  作者单位：University of Oslo
  摘要：The small open economies in Scandinavia have for long periods had high work effort, small wage differentials, high productivity, and a generous welfare state. To understand how this might be an economic and political equilibrium we combine models of collective wage bargaining, creative job destruction, and welfare spending. The two-tier system of wage bargaining provides microeconomic efficiency and wage compression. Combined with a vintage approach to the process of creative destruction we sh...