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作者：Eichner, Thomas; Runkel, Marco
作者单位：Fern University Hagen; Technical University of Berlin; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper provides a rationale for subsidizing green (renewable) energy production. Within a multi-country model where energy is produced with mobile capital in green and dirty production, we investigate the countries' decentralized choice of emissions taxes and green energy subsidies. Without green subsidies, the emissions tax is set inefficiently low, since each country ignores the environmental externality inflicted on other countries and since the emissions tax leads to a capital outflow ...
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作者：Martin, Ralf; de Preux, Laure B.; Wagner, Ulrich J.
作者单位：Imperial College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：We estimate the impact of a carbon tax on manufacturing plants using panel data from the UK production census. Our identification strategy builds on the comparison of outcomes between plants subject to the full tax and plants that paid only 20% of the tax. Exploiting exogenous variation in eligibility for the tax discount, we find that the carbon tax had a strong negative impact on energy intensity and electricity use. No statistically significant impacts are found for employment, revenue or p...
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作者：Luechinger, Simon; Moser, Christoph
作者单位：University of Lucerne; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We analyze stock market reactions to announcements of political appointments from the private sector and corporate appointments of former government officials. Using unique data on corporate affiliations and announcements of all Senate-confirmed U.S. Defense Department appointees of six administrations, we find positive abnormal returns for political appointments. These estimates are not driven by important observations, volatile stocks, industry-wide developments or the omission of further co...
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作者：Taylor, Eric
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：For students whose math skills lag expectations, public schools often increase the fraction of the school day spent on math instruction. Studying middle-school students and using regression discontinuity methods, I estimate the causal effect of requiring two math classes-one remedial, one regular-instead of just one class. Math achievement grows much faster under the requirement, 0.16-0.18 student standard deviations. Yet, one year after returning to a regular one-class schedule, the initial g...
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作者：Brown, Jeffrey R.; Weisbenner, Scott J.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine individual choices between a defined contribution (DC) and a defined benefit (DB) retirement plan at a large public employer. We find sensible patterns with regard to standard economic and demographic factors: the probability of choosing the DC plan decreases with the relative financial generosity of the DB plans versus the DC plan and rises with education and income. Using a survey of participants, we find that the ability to control for beliefs, preferences, and other variables no...
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作者：Ater, Itai; Givati, Yehonatan; Rigbi, Oren
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：How does the organizational structure of law enforcement agencies affect police activity and crime? We examine the consequences of an organizational reform in Israel that transferred the responsibility for housing arrestees from the police to the prison authority. Using the staggered rollout of the reform in different regions of the country, we document strong evidence that this organizational change led to an increase of 11% in the number of arrests and to a decrease of 4% in the number of re...
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作者：Edwards, Ryan D.
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Military spending, fatalities, and the destruction of capital, all of which are immediately felt and are often large, are the most overt costs of war. They are also relatively short-lived. But the costs of war borne by combatants and their caretakers, which includes families, communities, and the modern welfare state, tend instead to be lifelong. In this paper I show that a significant component of the budgetary costs associated with U.S. wars is long-lived. One third to one half of the total ...
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作者：Kahn, Matthew E.; Kok, Nils; Quigley, John M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Maastricht University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Commercial buildings play a major role in determining U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, yet surprisingly little is known about the environmental performance of different buildings at a point in time or how the same buildings perform over time. By exploiting a unique panel of commercial buildings from a major electric utility, we study the association between a building's electricity consumption and the physical attributes of buildings, lease incentive terms, indicators of human capital, and clima...
