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作者：Felfe, Christina; Kocher, Martin G.; Rainer, Helmut; Saurer, Judith; Siedler, Thomas
作者单位：University of Wurzburg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Vienna; University of Gothenburg; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Potsdam; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Inequality of opportunity, particularly when overlaid with socioeconomic, ethnic, or cultural differences, may limit the scope of cooperation between individuals. A central question, then, is how to overcome such obstacles to cooperation. We study this question in the context of Germany, by asking whether the propensity of immigrant youth to cooperate with native peers was affected by a major integration reform: the introduction of birthright citizenship. Our unique setup exploits data from a ...
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作者：Ando, Sakai
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper studies the welfare implications of size-dependent firm regulation policies (SDPs) in the presence of entrepreneurial risks. Although SDPs have been considered sources of misallocation, it is shown that, once entrepreneurial risks are taken into account, SDPs can improve efficiency. Quantitatively, based on French data, removing the SDP can lead to output and welfare loss by up to 1.3 and 1.1 percent respectively. Importantly, the sign and the policy implications are the opposite of...
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作者：Anell, Anders; Dietrichson, Jens; Ellegard, Lina Maria; Kjellsson, Gustav
作者单位：Lund University; Lund University; University of Gothenburg
摘要：Consumer choice policies may improve the matching of consumers and providers, and may spur compe-tition over quality dimensions relevant to consumers. However, the gains from choice may fail to mate-rialise in markets characterised by information frictions and switching costs. We use two large-scale randomised field experiments in primary health care to examine if individuals reconsider their provider choice when receiving leaflets with comparative information and pre-paid choice forms by post...
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作者：Hensvik, Lena; Le Barbanchon, Thomas; Rathelot, Roland
作者单位：Uppsala University; Bocconi University; University of Warwick
摘要：This paper measures the job-search responses to the COVID-19 pandemic using real-time data on vacancy postings and job ad views on Sweden's largest online job board. First, new vacancy postings drop by 40%, similar to the US. Second, job seekers respond by searching less intensively, to the extent that effective labour market tightness increases during the first three months after the COVID outbreak. Third, they redirect their search towards less severely hit occupations, beyond what changes i...
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作者：Jacoby, Hanan G.; Mansuri, Ghazala; Fatima, Freeha
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Does decentralizing the allocation of public resources reduce rent-seeking and improve equity? We study a governance reform in Pakistan's vast Indus Basin irrigation system, where corruption is endemic. Using canal discharge measurements across Punjab province from 2006 to 2014, we find that water theft increased on channels taken over by local farmer organizations compared to those that remained bureaucratically managed, reducing agricultural surplus and substantially redistributing wealth fr...
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作者：Landry, Joel R.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：This paper examines how the simultaneous choice of an emissions cap and the allocation of permits to secure key votes affects the ability for climate policy to pass the U.S. Congress and the conditional efficiency and equity of such feasible policies. When permits are politically allocated, Congress selects a cap both for the external benefits it provides as well as the private green pork, or value of permits, it generates. Legislative bargaining in contexts when public and private goods are c...
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作者：Alipour, Jean-Victor; Fadinger, Harald; Schymik, Jan
作者单位：University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Mannheim; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper studies the impact of working from home (WFH) on work relations and public health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Combining administrative data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and short-time work registrations, firm-and employee-level surveys and cell phone tracking data on mobility patterns, we find that WFH effectively shields employees from short-time work, firms from COVID-19 distress and substantially reduces infection risks. Counties with a higher share of teleworkable jobs ...
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作者：Bruno, Ellen M.; Jessoe, Katrina
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Market-based instruments pose widely prescribed but rarely implemented tools to manage scarce water resources. We estimate the price elasticity of demand for agricultural groundwater in a water district with volumetric pricing and monthly well-level extraction data spanning 17 years. Demand is inelastic, with estimates ranging from -0.16 to -0.2. We apply this parameter to calculate the surplus change from the introduction of agricultural water pricing, and the prospective gains from water tra...
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作者：Bergstrom, Katy; Dodds, William
作者单位：The World Bank; Tulane University
摘要：This paper develops a general theory of optimal income taxation with multiple dimensions of agent heterogeneity. The main technical hurdle in developing this theory is the possibility that individuals have multiple optimal incomes. Using a perturbation approach, we derive optimal tax formulas that account for the possibility that individuals have multiple optima and, hence, account for the possibility that indi-viduals jump between their optimal income levels when we perturb the tax schedule. ...
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作者：Gershoni, Naomi
作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：The importance of understanding the systematic differences between group and individual decisions has been well recognized in the literature. However, the vast majority of empirical evidence on this issue is derived from laboratory experiments, and hence does not reflect professional incentives and career concerns, both of which may play a crucial role. To fill this gap, I exploit a unique regulatory change that exogenously decreased the number of presiding arbitrators from three to one for a ...
