2021

最新文章

• Sanctioning and trustworthiness across ethnic groups: Experimental evidence from Afghanistan AI翻译
  作者：Bartos, Vojtech; Levely, Ian
  作者单位：University of Munich; University of London; King's College London
  摘要：Since social preferences towards individuals perceived as belonging to a different group are typically weaker, cooperation is more difficult in ethnically diverse settings. Using an economic experiment in Afghanistan, we show how the ability to impose financial penalties can help to overcome this. We use a trust game with two special features: investors communicate a desired back-transfer and, in some treatments, can choose whether to conditionally impose a small fine on trustees who do not co...
• Family and government insurance: Wage, earnings, and income risks in the Netherlands and the US AI翻译
  作者：De Nardi, Mariacristina; Fella, Giulio; Knoef, Marike; Paz-Pardo, Gonzalo; Van Ooijen, Raun
  作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Tilburg University; European Central Bank; University of Groningen
  摘要：We document new facts about risk in male wages and earnings, household earnings, and preand post tax income in the Netherlands and the United States. We find that, in both countries, earnings display important deviations from the typical assumptions of linearity and normality. Individual-level male wage and earnings risk is relatively high at the beginning and end of the working life, and for those in the lower and upper parts of the income distribution. Hours are the main driver of the negati...
• Benefit duration, job search behavior and re-employment AI翻译
  作者：Lichter, Andreas; Schiprowski, Amelie
  作者单位：Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Bonn; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
  摘要：This paper studies how the potential duration of unemployment benefits affects early job search behavior and re-employment outcomes. We exploit an unexpected reform of the German unemployment insurance (UI) scheme in 2008, which increased the potential benefit duration from 12 to 15 months for benefit recipients of age 50 to 54. Based on detailed survey data and a difference-in-differences design, we estimate that one additional month of potential benefits reduces early job applications by aro...
• Wealth inequality and the political economy of financial and labour regulations AI翻译
  作者：Fischer, Ronald; Huerta, Diego
  作者单位：Universidad de Chile; Northwestern University
  摘要：This article studies the interplay between inequality and the effectiveness of financial and labor regulations. We motivate the paper by observing that the cross-country correlation between wealth inequality and the strength of regulations increases with a country's GDP per capita. In poor countries the relationship is negative, but might become positive for rich enough countries. In our model, initial regulations and wealth inequality determine occupational choice and thus create endogenous i...
• Public good provision and property tax compliance: Evidence from a natural experiment q AI翻译
  作者：Carrillo, Paul E.; Castro, Edgar; Scartascini, Carlos
  作者单位：George Washington University; George Mason University; Inter-American Development Bank
  摘要：Positive inducements and rewards have become a popular tool of tax administrations around the world. Yet, evaluation of the impact of rewards has been mostly absent from the empirical literature on tax compliance. In this paper we evaluate the effect of positive rewards on property tax compliance by exploiting a natural experiment in which a municipality of Argentina randomly selected 400 individuals among more than 72,000 taxpayers who had complied with the payment of their property tax. Thes...
• Prosociality predicts health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic AI翻译
  作者：Campos-Mercade, Pol; Meier, Armando N.; Schneider, Florian H.; Wengstrom, Erik
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Lausanne; University of Basel; University of Zurich; Lund University; Hanken School of Economics
  摘要：Socially responsible behavior is crucial for slowing the spread of infectious diseases. However, economic and epidemiological models of disease transmission abstract from prosocial motivations as a driver of behaviors that impact the health of others. In an incentivized study, we show that a large majority of people are very reluctant to put others at risk for their personal benefit. Moreover, this experimental measure of prosociality predicts health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, mea...
• The effect of debt collection laws on access to credit q AI翻译
  作者：Romeo, Charles; Sandler, Ryan
  摘要：Debt collection is an important part of the consumer credit ecosystem, but has received little attention in the economics literature. Regulations on collection practices can protect consumers, but may also lead to unintended consequences if the costs of better practices are passed on to creditors, who in turn restrict consumers' credit access or raise prices. Using detailed data on new credit card accounts, we study the effects of recent laws and regulations in four states that instituted cond...
• The impact of the Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation on job search and vacancy creation* AI翻译
  作者：Marinescu, Ioana; Skandalis, Daphne; Zhao, Daniel
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Copenhagen; IZA Institute Labor Economics
  摘要：During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation (FPUC) increased US unemployment benefits by $600 a week. Theory predicts that FPUC should decrease job applications, while the effect on vacancy creation is ambiguous. We estimate the effect of FPUC on job applications and vacancy creation week by week, from March to July 2020, using granular data from the online jobs platform Glassdoor. We exploit variation in the proportional increase in benefits across local labor...
• Decentralization of wage determination: Evidence from a national teacher reform q AI翻译
  作者：Willen, Alexander
  作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
  摘要：This paper presents new evidence on the labor market effects of wage decentralization, exploiting a Swedish reform that replaced the fixed national pay scale for teachers with individual wage bargaining. The paper provides three sets of results. First, I show that the reform significantly changed the wage structure of teachers. Second, I demonstrate that these wage changes did not impact teacher retention, recruitment, or composition, and did not affect student outcomes. Finally, I provide sug...
• Reducing discrimination in the field: Evidence from an awareness raising intervention targeting gender biases in student evaluations of teaching AI翻译
  作者：Boring, Anne; Philippe, Arnaud
  作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; University of Bristol
  摘要：This paper presents the results of a field experiment designed to reduce gender discrimination in student evaluations of teaching (SET). In the first intervention, students receive a normative statement reminding them that they should not discriminate in SETs. In the second intervention, the normative statement includes precise information about how other students (especially male students) have discriminated against female teachers in previous years. The purely normative statement has no sign...