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作者：Hjalmarsson, Randi; Mitrut, Andreea; Pop-Eleches, Cristian
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; University of Gothenburg; Columbia University
摘要：The 1966 abolition and 1989 legalization of abortion in Romania immediately doubled and decreased by about a third the number of births per month, respectively. Comparing birth month cohorts born on either side of the reform cut-offs allows us to cleanly identify the effect of abortion access on crime. For both the abolition and legalization of abortion, we find large and significant effects on the level of crime and risky-behavior related hospitalization, but insignificant effects on crime an...
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作者：Andreoni, James; Serra-Garcia, Marta
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We usually assume purchasers of commodities experience utility at the point of transacting a purchase, when money and ownership are exchanged. With charitable giving, the social rewards from giving can begin being enjoyed the moment a decision to give has been made. Later, when the gift is transacted, the donor can again experience utility from giving and seeing their donations at work. We show both the-oretically and experimentally that these early flows of social utility can generate time in...
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作者：Moore, Dylan T.; Slemrod, Joel
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We develop an optimal tax framework that combines two recent extensions of tax analysis: a tax-systems emphasis on non-rate policy instruments, and a recognition of the role of behavioral biases. Although the implications of taxpayers' biases for optimal tax rates have received considerable attention, a complete analysis of this aspect of optimal tax theory must account for the fact that such biases are often endogenous to the non-rate aspects of a tax system. We first generalize and extend th...
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作者：Feldman, Naomi; Kawano, Laura; Patel, Elena; Rao, Nirupama; Stevens, Michael; Edgerton, Jesse
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; United States Department of the Treasury; JP Morgan Chase & Company
摘要：Using tax data, we compare the investment behavior of public and private firms for a representative sample of all U.S. corporations. We find that while both types of firms invest similarly in physical capital, public firms out-invest private firms in R&D. Compared to observationally-similar private firms, public firms invest roughly 50% more in R&D relative to their asset bases. Further, public firms dedicate 7.4 percentage points more of their investments to R&D than private firms. This stron...
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作者：Bergolo, M.; Cruces, G.
作者单位：Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National University of La Plata; University of Nottingham; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
摘要：The disincentive effects of social assistance programs on registered (or formal) employment are a first order policy concern in developing and middle-income countries. We study the impact of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program in Uruguay on the employment of adult members in beneficiary households in a context of high informality. Our research design relies on the sharp discontinuity introduced by program eligibility rules around a poverty score threshold combined with longitudinal admin...
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作者：Simonsen, Marianne; Skipper, Lars; Skipper, Niels; Christensen, Anne Illemann
作者单位：Aarhus University; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：We study an apparent schism in the literature concerned with non-linear health insurance plans: con -sumers exposed to the same type of policy appear forward-looking and rational in their response to one policy feature - the end-of-year coverage reset - but not to another - that current prices depend on the year-to-date spending in a non-linear fashion. We exploit policy variation from within a unified institutional environment and uses of population-wide data. We replicate both phenomena empi...
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作者：Sasso, Greg; Morelli, Massimo
作者单位：Emory University; Bocconi University
摘要：We explore the consequences of populism for bureaucrats' incentives by analyzing a model of delegated policymaking between politicians and bureaucrats. Populist politicians prefer a bureaucrat who implements their policy commitment, while non-populist politicians prefer a good bureaucrat with discretion. The presence of populist politicians thus determines replacement of good with bad bureaucrats and creates incentives for good bureaucrats to feign loyalty. We show that feigning loyalty is mor...
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作者：Liu, Jing; Lee, Monica; Gershenson, Seth
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Brown University; American University
摘要：We provide novel evidence on the causal impacts of student absences in middle and high school on state test scores, course grades, and educational attainment using a rich administrative dataset that tracks the date and class period of each absence. We use two similar but distinct identification strategies that address potential endogeneity due to time-varying student-level shocks by exploiting within-student, between-subject variation in class-specific absences. We also leverage information on...
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作者：Corneo, Giacomo; Neidhoefer, Guido
作者单位：Free University of Berlin; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：We analyze the effects of governmental redistribution on migration patterns, using registry data that includes almost the universe of Italian citizens living abroad. Since Italy takes a middle ground in terms of redistribution, both the welfare-magnet effect and the propensity of high-skilled to settle in countries with lower taxes can be studied. Our findings confirm that destination countries with more redistribution receive a negative selection of Italian migrants. Policy simulations are ru...
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作者：Delavallade, Clara
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Aside from money, what works best to incentivize teams? Using a randomized field experiment, I test whether fixed-wage workers respond better to private rank incentives or public recognition, and whether image motivation crowds out intrinsic motivation. School-feeding teams in 450 South-African schools were randomly assigned to receiving (i) private feedback through rank information, (ii) public recognition through symbolic award, (iii) both feedback and award, or (iv) no intervention. The ana...
