-
作者：Benzarti, Youssef; Harju, Jarkko
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; VATT Institute for Economic Research
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of payroll tax cuts on firm-level employment and balance-sheet outcomes during economic downturns. We use two regional payroll tax cuts in Finland as well as the onset of the Great Recession to estimate the effect of the recession on firms treated by the payroll tax cuts compared to a similar control group. When implemented, prior to the Great Recession, we estimate that the payroll tax cuts had limited effects on employment and balance-sheet outcomes of firms l...
-
作者：Schmitz, Patrick W.
作者单位：University of Cologne; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Consider two parties who can make non-contractible investments in the provision of a public good. Who should own the physical assets needed to provide the public good? In the literature it has been argued that the party who values the public good most should be the owner, regardless of the investment technologies. Yet, this result has been derived under the assumption of symmetric information. We show that technology matters when the negotiations over the provision of the public good take plac...
-
作者：Holtsmark, Katinka; Midttomme, Kristoffer
作者单位：University of Oslo
摘要：This paper presents a novel benefit of linking emission permit markets. We let countries issue permits non-cooperatively, and with endogenous technology we show there are environmental benefits from permit trade even if countries are identical. Linking the permit markets of different countries will turn permit issuance into intertemporal strategic complements. The strategic complementarity arises because issuing fewer permits today increases investments in green energy capacity in all permit m...
-
作者：de Frahan, Lancelot Henry; Maniquet, Francois
作者单位：University of Chicago; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：We study the tax schemes that maximize social welfare functions built on axioms of responsibility for one's preferences (the requirement that the social welfare function should treat identically agents with the same wage, independently of their preferences) and poverty reduction. We find zero and negative marginal tax rates on low incomes at the optimum and bunching at the income level of the most hardworking minimum wage households. When preferences are iso-elastic, we derive the optimal tax ...
-
作者：De Luca, Giacomo; Lisi, Domenico; Martorana, Marco; Siciliani, Luigi
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of Catania; Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
摘要：We study the effect of institutional quality on the appropriateness of healthcare provision in Italian hospitals. We focus on cesarean section rates for first-time mothers, which is a common indicator of appropriateness in healthcare and is vulnerable to providers' opportunistic behaviors. To identify the causal effect of institutional quality we rely on an IV strategy based on historical instruments, exploiting the idea that current differences in institutional quality across regions have bee...
