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作者：Miho, Antonela; Jarotschkin, Alexandra; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; The World Bank
摘要：We study horizontal between-group cultural transmission using Stalin's ethnic deportations as a historical experiment. Over 2 million Soviet citizens, mostly Germans and Chechens, were forcibly relocated from the western to eastern parts of the USSR during WWII solely based on ethnicity. As a result, the native population of the deportation destinations was exogenously exposed to groups with drastically different gender norms and behavior. We combine historical and contemporary data to documen...
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作者：Pennesi, Daniele
作者单位：Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Turin
摘要：This paper introduces a model of individual behavior based on identity, a person's sense of self. The individual evaluates situations, that is, sets of available actions given a belief about the actions' uncertain payoffs. In some situations, a psychological cost arises because the individual's identity prescribes an action that differs from the one maximizing material benefits. The model shows that a common process of weighing psychological costs and material benefits drives the choice of bot...
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作者：Bachmann, Rudiger; Ehrlich, Gabriel; Fan, Ying; Ruzic, Dimitrije; Leard, Benjamin
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; INSEAD Business School; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：This paper uses the 2015 Volkswagen (VW) emissions scandal as a natural experiment to provide evidence that collective reputation externalities are economically significant. Using a combination of difference-in-differences and demand estimation approaches, we document a spillover effect from the scandal to the non-VW German auto manufacturers. The spillover amounts to an average drop of $2,057 in consumer valuations of these manufacturers' vehicles and a 34.6% reduction in their annual sales. ...
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作者：De la Roca, Jorge; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P.; Puga, Diego
作者单位：University of Southern California; Bocconi University
摘要：Bigger cities offer more valuable experiences and opportunities in exchange for higher housing costs. While higher-ability workers benefit more from bigger cities, they are not more likely to move to one. Our model of urban sorting by workers with heterogeneous self-confidence and ability suggests flawed self-assessment is partly to blame. Analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data shows that, consistent with our model, young workers with high self-confidence are more like...
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作者：Morris, Stephen; Shadmehr, Mehdi
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：We consider the problem of a leader who can assign rewards for citizens for different anti-regime actions. Citizens face a coordination problem in which each citizen has a private, endogenous degree of optimism about the likelihood of regime change. Because more optimistic citizens are easier to motivate, the choice of optimal rewards entails optimal screening. This leads to a distribution of anti-regime actions. A key result is the emergence of a vanguard, consisting of citizens who engage in...
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作者：Bhalotra, Sonia; Venkataramani, Atheendar; Walther, Selma
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Pennsylvania; University of Sussex
摘要：We investigate women's fertility, labor, and marriage market responses to a health innovation that led to reductions in mortality from treatable causes, and especially large declines in child mortality. We find delayed childbearing, with lower intensive and extensive margin fertility, a decline in the chances of ever having married, increased labor force participation, and an improvement in occupational status. Our results provide the first evidence that improvements in child survival allow wo...
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作者：Helpman, Elhanan; Niswonger, Benjamin
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Multinational enterprises are very large multi-product firms. To capture salient features of the data, we develop a model of large multinational enterprises, each one producing a continuum of products. These outsized firms compete as oligopolists in domestic and foreign markets, facing competitive pressure from monopolistically competitive single-product firms. The multinational enterprises engage in foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to expand the product scope of their foreign affiliat...
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作者：Astier, Nicolas; Rajagopal, Ram; Wolak, Frank A.
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech; Paris School of Economics; Stanford University
摘要：This paper estimates the relationship between investments in five distributed generation technologies and hourly net withdrawals from over 2,000 electricity distribution networks in France between 2005 and 2018. We find that investments in distributed wind and solar generation have little or no impact on the annual peak of hourly net withdrawals from the distribution grid, while investments in hydroelectric and thermal distributed generation significantly reduce it. An optimistic analysis of t...
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作者：Canen, Nathan; Jackson, Matthew O.; Trebbi, Francesco
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; Stanford University; The Santa Fe Institute; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We develop a model of social interactions, as well as strategic interactions that depend on such social activity, and use it to measure social complementarities in the legislative process. Our model allows for partisan bias and homophily in the formation of relationships, which then impact legislative output. We use it to show how increased electoral competition can induce increased social behavior and the nonlinear effects of political polarization on legislative activity. We identify and str...
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作者：Coffman, Katherine; Collis, Manuela R.; Kulkarni, Leena
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Toronto
摘要：We explore how feedback shapes, and perpetuates, gender gaps in self-assessments. Participants in our experiment take tests of their ability across different domains. We elicit their beliefs of their performance before and after feedback. We find that, even after the provision of highly informative feedback, gender stereotypes influence posterior beliefs, beyond what a Bayesian model would predict. This is primarily because both men and women update their beliefs more positively in response to...
