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作者：Chiba-Okab, Hiroaki; Plotkin, Joshua B.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Traditional models of social learning by imitation are based on simple contagion- where an individual may imitate a more successful neighbor following a single interaction. But real-world contagion processes are often complex, meaning that multiple exposures may be required before an individual considers changing their type. We introduce a framework that combines the concepts of simple payoff-biased imitation with complex contagion, to describe how social behaviors spread through a population....
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作者：Fleming, Aaron M.; Dingman, Justin C.; Burrows, Cynthia J.
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
摘要：While hydroxyl radical is commonly named as the Fenton product responsible for DNA and RNA damage in cells, here we demonstrate that the cellular reaction generates carbonate radical anion due to physiological bicarbonate levels. In human and Escherichia coli models, their transcriptomes were analyzed by RNA direct nanopore sequencing of ribosomal RNA and chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection to quantify oxidation products in order to follow the bicarbonate dependency in H2O2- in...
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作者：Gregoire, Michelle Jean; Sirtori, Riccardo; Donatelli, Liviana; Potts, Emily Morgan; Collins, Alicia; Zamor, Danielo; Katenka, Natallia; Fallini, Claudia
作者单位：University of Rhode Island; University of Rhode Island; University of Rhode Island
摘要：Synaptic loss and dendritic degeneration are common pathologies in several neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive cognitive and/or motor decline, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD/ALS). An essential regulator of neuronal health, the cAMP- dependent transcription factor CREB positively regulates synaptic growth, learning, and memory. Phosphorylation of CREB by protein kinase A (PKA) and other cellular kinases promote...
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作者：Hildebrandt, Mercedes; Kotewitsch, Mona; Kaupp, Sabrina; Salomon, Sophia; Schuster, Stefan; Machnik, Peter
作者单位：University of Bayreuth
摘要：The ability to follow the evolutionary trajectories of specific neuronal cell types has led to major insights into the evolution of the vertebrate brain. Here, we study how cave life in the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) has affected an identified giant multisensory neuron, the Mauthner neuron (MN). Because this neuron is crucial in driving rapid escapes, the absence of predation risk in the cave forms predicts a massive reduction in this neuron. Moreover, the absence of functional eyes in...
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作者：Khadim, Fahad K.; Getirana, Augusto; Bindlish, Rajat; Biswas, Nishan Kumar; Nie, Wanshu; Lahmers, Timothy M.; Kumar, Sujay, V
作者单位：National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC); University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County
摘要：Sea surface salinity (SSS) is a key parameter in the thermohaline circulation of global oceans. Near the megadeltas, inland streamflow through large catchments plays a crucial role in mediating salinity. While some regional studies have investigated how SSS is impacted through water cycle and climate components, a global scale quantification of inland streamflow contribution on SSS variability is lacking. Here, we utilized remote sensing and observation- driven datasets to quantify the statist...
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作者：Kruse, Mathias
作者单位：Aarhus University; Aarhus University
摘要：In Europe, the tendency among immigrants and descendants to seek out and interact with other coethnics has raised concern for their integration as it can reduce contact with the ethnic majority. Though policymakers implement large- scale integration programs to counteract these trends, it remains empirically and theoretically ambiguous whether exposure to coethnic peers impedes integration, and causal evidence is more limited for the growing population of migrant children. In this article, I u...
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作者：Kristensen, Mie
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
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作者：Shahriar, Imrul; Kamra, Mohini; Kanduluru, Ananda Kumar; Campbell, Charity Lynn; Nguyen, Thanh Hiep; Srinivasarao, Madduri; Low, Philip S.
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作者：Utzschneider, Clothilde; Suresh, Bhagyanath; Sciortino, Alfredo; Gaillard, Jeremie; Schaeffer, Alexandre; Pattanayak, Sudipta; Joanny, Jean-Francois; Blanchoin, Laurent; Thery, Manuel
作者单位：Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); INRAE; Universite PSL; Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI); CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; College de France; UNICANCER; Universite PSL; Institut Curie
摘要：The internal organization of cells is largely determined by the architecture and orientation of the microtubule network. Microtubules serve as polar tracks for the selective transport of specific molecular motors toward either their plus or minus ends. How both motors reciprocally move microtubules and organize the network's arrangement and polarity is unknown. Here, we combined experiments on reconstituted systems and theory to study the interaction of microtubules with both plus- and minus- ...
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作者：Xu, Wenjing; Sun, Yifan; Breen, Peter; Ruvkun, Gary; Mao, Kai
作者单位：Northwest A&F University - China; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that defends against viral infections in diverse organisms. Caenorhabditis elegans mutations that enhance RNAi have revealed pathways that may regulate antiviral defense. A genetic screen for C. elegans mutations that fail to up- regulate a defense response reporter transgene detected mutations that enhance RNAi to silence this reporter gene in the inositol polyphosphate multikinase impk-1, the synMuv B gene lin-15B, and the pathog...
