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作者：Arifuzzaman, Md; Kwon, Eunju; Kim, Dong Young
作者单位：Yeungnam University; Gyeongsang National University; Gyeongsang National University
摘要：In gram - positive bacteria, phosphorylated arginine functions as a protein degradation signal in a similar manner as ubiquitin in eukaryotes. The protein - arginine phosphorylation is mediated by the McsAB complex, where McsB possesses kinase activity and McsA modulates McsB activity. Although mcsA and mcsB are regulated within the same operon, the role of McsA in kinase activity has not yet been clarified. In this study, we determined the molecular mechanism by which McsA regulates kinase ac...
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作者：Guo, Kexin; Liu, Mingchao; Vella, Dominic; Suresh, Subra; Hsia, K. Jimmy
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University; University of Birmingham; University of Oxford; Brown University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Nanyang Technological University
摘要：Plant leaves, whose remarkable ability for morphogenesis results in a wide range of petal and leaf shapes in response to environmental cues, have inspired scientific studies as well as the development of engineering structures and devices. Although some typical shape changes in plants and the driving force for such shape evolution have been extensively studied, there remain many poorly understood mechanisms, characteristics, and principles associated with the vast array of shape formation of p...
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作者：Heins, Conor; Millidge, Beren; Da Costa, Lancelot; Mann, Richard P.; Friston, Karl J.; Couzin, Iain D.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Konstanz; University of Konstanz; University of Oxford; Imperial College London; University of London; University College London; University of Leeds
摘要：Collective motion is ubiquitous in nature; groups of animals, such as fish, birds, and ungulates appear to move as a whole, exhibiting a rich behavioral repertoire that ranges from directed movement to milling to disordered swarming. Typically, such macroscopic patterns arise from decentralized, local interactions among constituent components (e.g., individual fish in a school). Preeminent models of this process describe individuals as self-propelled particles, subject to self -generated motio...
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作者：Kumar, Ajay; Ye, Chenxian; Nkansah, Afia; Decoville, Thomas; Sajjakulnukit, Peter; Zhang, Li; Fogo, Garrett M.; Reynolds, Mack B.; Seo, Young-Ah; Sanderson, Thomas H.; Lyssiotis, Costas A.; Chang, Cheong-Hee
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：In response to an immune challenge, naive T cells undergo a transition from a quiescent to an activated state acquiring the effector function. Concurrently, these T cells reprogram cellular metabolism, which is regulated by iron. We and others have shown that iron homeostasis controls proliferation and mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Given that iron derived from heme makes up a large portion of the cellular iron pool, we investigated iron homeostasi...
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作者：Wang, Camille S.; Mccarthy, Clara I.; Guzikowski, Natalie J.; Kavalali, Ege T.; Monteggia, Lisa M.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University
摘要：Brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in synaptic physiology, as well as mechanisms underlying various neuropsychiatric diseases and their treatment. Despite its clear physiological role and disease relevance, BDNF's function at the presynaptic terminal, a fundamental unit of neurotransmission, remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated single synapse dynamics using optical imaging techniques in hippocampal cell cultures. We find that exogenous BDNF selec...
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作者：Yu, Renwen; Fan, Shanhui
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Near -field radiative heat transfer has recently attracted increasing interests for its applications in energy technologies, such as thermophotovoltaics. Existing works, however, are restricted to time -independent systems. Here, we explore near -field radiative heat transfer between two bodies under time modulation by developing a rigorous fluctuational electrodynamics formalism. We demonstrate that time modulation can result in the enhancement, suppression, elimination, or reversal of radiat...
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作者：Roque, Nelson A.; Andrews, Hailey; Santos-Lozada, Alexis R.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Air quality is associated with adverse health outcomes and mortality risk. While most research has focused on the association between air quality estimates and these outcomes, or the place- level characteristics associated with such placements. We classify counties without a monitoring station as air quality monitoring deserts. Using the Environmental Protection Agency's AirData active sites directory, we determine the number and location of monitoring deserts. We then study whether demographi...
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作者：Blom, Kristian; Song, Kevin; Vouga, Etienne; Godec, Aljaz; Makarov, Dmitrii E.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Many nonequilibrium, active processes are observed at a coarse -grained level, where different microscopic configurations are projected onto the same observable state. Such lumped observables display memory, and in many cases, the irreversible character of the underlying microscopic dynamics becomes blurred, e.g., when the projection hides dissipative cycles. As a result, the observations appear less irreversible, and it is very challenging to infer the degree of broken time -reversal symmetry...
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作者：Woo, Ju Rang; Bae, Seung-Hyun; Wales, Thomas E.; Engen, John R.; Lee, Jongsoon; Jang, Hyonchol; Park, Sangyoun
作者单位：National Cancer Center - Korea (NCC); National Cancer Center - Korea (NCC); Northeastern University; Soonchunhyang University; Soongsil University; Soongsil University
摘要：Serine phosphorylations on insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS - 1) by diverse kinases aoccur widely during obesity - , stress - , and inflammation - induced conditions in models of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we define a region within the human IRS - 1, which is directly C - terminal to the PTB domain encompassing numerous serine phosphorylation sites including Ser307 (mouse Ser302) and Ser312 (mouse 307) creating a phosphorylation insulin resistance (PIR) domain. We ...
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作者：Xiao, Tiaojiang; Li, Xin; Felsenfeld, Gary
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI)
摘要：The MYC - Associated Zinc Finger Protein (MAZ) plays important roles in chromatin organization and gene transcription regulation. Dysregulated expression of MAZ causes diseases, such as glioblastoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and liposarcoma. Previously, it has been reported that MAZ controls the proinflammatory response colitis and colon cancer via STAT3 signaling, suggesting that MAZ is involved in ulating immunity - related pathways. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this re...
