-
作者：Jin, Kelou; Wu, Jie; Zhang, Ran; Zhang, Shen; Wu, Xiaoyan; Wu, Tingting; Gu, Ruolei; Liu, Chao
作者单位：Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; Capital Normal University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Psychology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University
摘要：Studying heroism in controlled settings presents challenges and ethical controversies due to its association with physical risk. Leveraging virtual reality (VR) technology, we conducted a three - study series with 397 participants from China to investigate heroic actions. Participants unexpectedly witnessed a criminal event in a simulated scenario, allowing observation of their tendency to physically intercept a thief. We examined situational factors (voluntariness, authority, and risk) and pe...
-
作者：Sahai, Nita; LaRowe, Doug; Senko, John M.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Akron; University System of Ohio; University of Akron; University System of Ohio; University of Akron; University System of Ohio; University of Akron; University of Southern California
摘要：The main sources of redox gradients supporting high - productivity life in the Europan and other icy ocean world oceans were proposed to be photolytically derived oxidants, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the icy shell, and reductants (Fe(II), S( - II), CH 4 , H 2 ) from bottom waters reacting with a (ultra)mafic seafloor. Important roadblocks to maintaining life, however, are that the degree of ocean mixing to combine redox species is unknown, and ROS damage biomolecules. Here, we ...
-
作者：Wang, Teng; Weiss, Andrea; You, Lingchong
作者单位：Duke University; Duke University; Duke University
摘要：The gene content in a metagenomic pool defines the function potential of a microbial community. Natural selection, operating on the level of genomes or genes, shapes the evolution of community functions by enriching some genes while depriving the others. Despite the importance of microbiomes in the environment and health, a general metric to evaluate the communitywide fitness of microbial genes remains lacking. In this work, we adapt the classic neutral model of species and use it to predict h...
