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作者：Yang, Ziqiang; Song, Zijun; Wu, Zhongqing; Mao, Ho- kwang; Zhang, Li
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS
摘要：Ferromagnesian silicates are the dominant constituents of the Earth's mantle, which comprise more than 80% of our planet by volume. To interpret the low shear-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle, we need to construct a reliable transformation diagram of ferromagnesian silicates over a wide pressure-temperature (P-T) range. While MgSiO3 in the perovskite structure has been extensively studied due to its dominance on Earth, phase transformations of iron silicates under the lower mantle condit...
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作者：Zhang, Jing; Cong, Qian; Shen, Jinhui; Song, Leina; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H.; Sourakov, Andrei; Grishin, Nick, V
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Pennsylvania; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
摘要：The Ornate Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix , has served as a model species in chemical ecology studies for decades. Like in the widely publicized stories of the Monarch and other milkweed butterflies, the Ornate Moth and its relatives are tropical insects colonizing whole continents assisted by their chemical defenses. With the recent advances in genomic techniques and evo - devo research, it is becoming a model for studies in other areas, from wing pattern development to phylogeography, from toxicol...
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作者：Pi, Jay S.; Fakharian, Mohammad Amin; Hage, Paul; Sedaghat-Nejad, Ehsan; Muller, Salomon Z.; Shadmehr, Reza
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Columbia University
摘要：Neurons in the inferior olive are thought to anatomically organize the Purkinje cells (P - cells) of the cerebellum into computational modules, but what is computed by each module? Here, we designed a saccade task in marmosets that dissociated sensory events from motor events and then recorded the complex and simple spikes of hundreds of P - cells. We found that when a visual target was presented at a random location, the olive reported the direction of that sensory event to one group of P - c...
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作者：Postek, Witold; Staskiewicz, Klaudia; Lilja, Elin; Waclawa, Bartlomiej
作者单位：Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of Edinburgh
摘要：Biofilms inhabit a range of environments, such as dental plaques or soil micropores, often characterized by noneven surfaces. However, the impact of surface irregularities on the population dynamics of biofilms remains elusive, as most experiments are conducted on flat surfaces. Here, we show that the shape of the surface on which a biofilm grows influences genetic drift and selection within the biofilm. We culture Escherichia coli biofilms in microwells with a corrugated bottom surface and ob...
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作者：Treuner-Lange, Anke; Zheng, Weili; Viljoen, Albertus; Lindow, Steffi; Herfurth, Marco; Dufrene, Yves F.; Sogaard-Andersen, Lotte; Egelman, Edward H.; Hultgren, Scott
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Virginia; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：Type IVa pili (T4aP) are ubiquitous cell surface filaments important for surface motility, adhesion to surfaces, DNA uptake, biofilm formation, and virulence. T4aP are built from thousands of copies of the major pilin subunit and tipped by a complex composed of minor pilins and in some systems also the PilY1 adhesin. While major pilins of structurally characterized T4aP have lengths of <165 residues, the major pilin PilA of Myxococcus xanthus is unusually large with 208 residues. All major pil...
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作者：Gu, Yonghao; Yong, Haiwang; Gu, Bing; Mukamel, Shaul
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Westlake University
摘要：Time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS) is used in a simulation study to monitor the excited state intramolecular proton transfer between oxygen and nitrogen atoms in 2-(iminomethyl)phenol. Real-time monitoring of the chemical bond breaking and forming processes is obtained through the time evolution of excitedstate chemical shifts. By employing individual atomic probes of the proton donor and acceptor atoms, we predict distinct signals with opposite chemical shifts of the dono...
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作者：He, Yuqian; Ma, Zheng; Yan, Feng; Zhu, Chunling; Shen, Tongyang; Chou, Shulei; Zhang, Xiao; Chen, Yujin
作者单位：Harbin Engineering University; Harbin Engineering University; Wenzhou University
摘要：The hybrid electrolyzer coupled glycerol oxidation (GOR) with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is fascinating to simultaneously generate H 2 and high value - added chemicals with low energy input, yet facing a challenge. Herein, Cu - based metal-organic frameworks (Cu - MOFs) are reported as model catalysts for both HER and GOR through doping of atomically dispersed precious and nonprecious metals. Remarkably, the HER activity of Ru - doped Cu - MOF outperformed a Pt/C catalyst, with its Fara...
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作者：Knyazeva, Anastasia; Li, Shuang; Corkery, Dale P.; Shankar, Kasturika; Herzog, Laura K.; Zhang, Xuepei; Singh, Birendra; Niggemeyer, Georg; Grill, David; Gilthorpe, Jonathan D.; Gaetani, Massimiliano; Carlson, Lars- Anders; Waldmann, Herbert; Wu, Yao-Wen
作者单位：Umea University; Umea University; Umea University; Umea University; Umea University; Karolinska Institutet; Umea University; Max Planck Society; Umea University; Dortmund University of Technology
摘要：The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery constitutes multisubunit protein complexes that play an essential role in membrane remodeling and trafficking. ESCRTs regulate a wide array of cellular processes, including cytokinetic abscission, cargo sorting into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), membrane repair, and autophagy. Given the versatile functionality of ESCRTs, and the intricate organizational structure of the ESCRT machinery, the targeted modulation of distinct E...
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作者：Lin, Huajian; Li, Junnan; Zhang, Qiansen; Yang, Huaiyu; Chen, Shanshuang
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; East China Normal University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, CAS
摘要：The TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel 3 (TASK3) belongs to the two-pore domain (K2P) potassium channel family, which regulates cell excitability by mediating a constitutive leak potassium efflux in the nervous system. Extracellular acidification inhibits TASK3 channel, but the molecular mechanism by which channel inactivation is coupled to pH decrease remains unclear. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human TASK3 at neutral and acidic pH. Structural comparison rev...
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作者：Murdiyarso, Daniel; Swails, Erin; Hergoualc'h, Kristell; Bhomia, Rupesh; Sasmito, Sigit D.
作者单位：CGIAR; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Bogor Agricultural University; CIRAD; National University of Singapore; James Cook University
摘要：For countries' emission - reduction efforts under the Paris Agreement to be effective, baseline emission/removals levels and reporting must be as transparent and accurate as possible. For Indonesia, which holds among the largest area of tropical peatlands and mangrove forest in the world, it is particularly important for these high - carbon ecosystems to produce high - accuracy greenhouse gas inventory and to improve national forest reference emissions level/forest reference level. Here, we hi...
