24期

最新文章

• Developmental hearing loss-induced perceptual deficits are rescued by genetic restoration of cortical inhibition AI翻译
  作者：Masri, Samer; Mowery, Todd M.; Fair, Regan; Sanes, Dan H.
  作者单位：New York University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; New York University; New York University; New York University; NYU Langone Medical Center
  摘要：Even a transient period of hearing loss during the developmental critical period can induce long - lasting deficits in temporal and spectral perception. These perceptual deficits correlate with speech perception in humans. In gerbils, these hearing loss-induced perceptual deficits are correlated with a reduction of both ionotropic GABA A and metabotropic GABA B receptor-mediated synaptic inhibition in auditory cortex, but most research on critical period plasticity has focused on GABA A recept...
• Duplication and neofunctionalization of a horizontally transferred xyloglucanase as a facet of the Red Queen coevolutionary dynamic AI翻译
  作者：Attah, Victoria; Milner, David S.; Fang, Yufeng; Yan, Xia; Leonard, Guy; Heitman, Joseph; Talbot, Nicholas J.; Richards, Thomas A.
  作者单位：University of Oxford; Duke University; University of East Anglia; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Center
  摘要：Oomycete protists share phenotypic similarities with fungi, including the ability to cause plant diseases, but branch in a distant region of the tree of life. It has been suggested that multiple horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) from fungi - to - oomycetes contributed to the evolution of plant - pathogenic traits. These HGTs are predicted to include secreted proteins that degrade plant cell walls, a barrier to pathogen invasion and a rich source of carbohydrates. Using a combination of phylogen...
• Accelerated biological aging six decades after prenatal famine exposure AI翻译
  作者：Cheng, Mengling; Conley, Dalton; Kuipers, Tom; Li, Chihua; Ryan, Calen P.; Wang, Shuang; Wang, Tian; Zhou, Jiayi; Schmitz, Lauren L.; Tobi, Elmar W.; Heijmans, Bas; Lumey, L. H.; Belsky, Daniel W.; Taeubert, M. Jazmin
  作者单位：University of Lausanne; Columbia University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Columbia University; Columbia University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
  摘要：To test the hypothesis that early - life adversity accelerates the pace of biological aging, we analyzed data from the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study (DHWFS, N = 951). DHWFS is a natural - experiment birth - cohort study of survivors of in - utero exposure to famine conditions caused by the German occupation of the Western Netherlands in Winter 1944 to 1945, matched controls, and their siblings. We conducted DNA methylation analysis of blood samples collected when the survivors were aged 5...
• Evaluating the persuasive influence of political microtargeting with large language models AI翻译
  作者：Hackenburg, Kobi; Margetts, Helen
  作者单位：University of Oxford
  摘要：Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have raised the prospect of scalable, automated, and fine- grained political microtargeting on a scale previously unseen; however, the persuasive influence of microtargeting with LLMs remains unclear. Here, we build a custom web application capable of integrating self- reported demographic and political data into GPT- 4 prompts in real- time, facilitating the live creation of unique messages tailored to persuade individual users on four polit...
• Cleavage of the syncytial protein of J paramyxovirus is required for its ability to promote cell-cell fusion AI翻译
  作者：An, Dong; Li, Zhuo; Beavis, Ashley C.; Briggs, Kelsey R.; Harvill, Mason; He, Biao
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
  摘要：Cell-cell fusion mediated by most paramyxovirus requires fusion protein (F) and attachment protein (H, HN, or G). The F protein is proteolytic cleaved to be fusogenically active. J paramyxovirus (JPV) has a unique feature in the family Paramyxoviridae: It encodes an integral membrane protein, syncytial protein (SP, formerly known as transmembrane protein, TM), which is essential in JPV- promoted cell-cell fusion (i.e., syncytial). In this study, we report that cleavage of SP is essential for i...
• Tree rings reveal the transient risk of extinction hidden inside climate envelope forecasts AI翻译
  作者：Evans, Margaret E. K.; Dey, Sharmila M. N.; Heilman, Kelly A.; Tipton, John R.; DeRose, R. Justin; Klesse, Stefan; Schultz, Emily L.; Shaw, John D.
  作者单位：University of Arizona; Harvard University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service
  摘要：Given the importance of climate in shaping species' geographic distributions, climate change poses an existential threat to biodiversity. Climate envelope modeling, the predominant approach used to quantify this threat, presumes that individuals in populations respond to climate variability and change according to species- level responses inferred from spatial occurrence data-such that individuals at the cool edge of a species' distribution should benefit from warming (the leading edge), where...
• Pleiotropy of positive selection in ancient ACE2 suggests an alternative hypothesis for bat- specific adaptations to host coronaviruses AI翻译
  作者：Guo, Yuan Ting; Jiang, Ji-Bin; Qiao, Guan-Rong; Luo, Rong-Hua; Zhou, Xin; Hua, Rong; Zheng, Chang-Bo; Liu, Zhen
  作者单位：Northwest University Xi'an; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Kunming Medical University; Kunming Medical University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS
  摘要：Angiotensin - convertingenzyme 2 (ACE2) has dual functions, regulating cardiovascular physiology and serving as the receptor for coronaviruses. Bats, the only true flying mammals and natural viral reservoirs, have evolved positive alterations in traits related to both functions of ACE2. This suggests significant evolutionary changes in ACE2 during bat evolution. To test this hypothesis, we examine the selection pressure in ACE2 along the ancestral branch of all bats (AncBat - ACE2), where powe...
• Do digital technologies reduce racially biased reporting? Evidence from NYPD administrative data AI翻译
  作者：Watson, Jeremy; Burtch, Gordon; Greenwood, Brad N.
  作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Boston University; George Mason University
  摘要：Recent work has emphasized the disproportionate bias faced by minorities when interacting with law enforcement. However, research on the topic has been hampered by biased sampling in administrative data, namely that records of police interactions with citizens only reflect information on the civilians that police elect to investigate, and not civilians that police observe but do not investigate. In this work, we address a related bias in administrative police data which has received less empir...
• Evaluating language models for mathematics through interactions AI翻译
  作者：Collins, Katherine M.; Jiang, Albert Q.; Frieder, Simon; Wong, Lionel; Zilka, Miri; Bhatt, Umang; Lukasiewicz, Thomas; Wu, Yuhuai; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.; Hart, William; Gowers, Timothy; Li, Wenda; Weller, Adrian; Jamnik, Mateja
  作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Oxford; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Alan Turing Institute; New York University; Technische Universitat Wien; Universite PSL; College de France
  摘要：There is much excitement about the opportunity to harness the power of large language models (LLMs) when building problem -solving assistants. However, the standard methodology of evaluating LLMs relies on static pairs of inputs and outputs; this is insufficient for making an informed decision about which LLMs are best to use in an interactive setting, and how that varies by setting. Static assessment therefore limits how we understand language model capabilities. We introduce CheckMate, an ad...
• Nitrogen and sulfur for phosphorus: Lipidome adaptation of anaerobic sulfate- reducing bacteria in phosphorus- deprived conditions AI翻译
  作者：Ding, Su; Grossi, Vincent; Hopmans, Ellen C.; Bale, Nicole J.; Laureau, Cristiana Cravo-; Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe
  作者单位：Utrecht University; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ); Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Utrecht University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite
  摘要：largely unexplored. In this study, we thoroughly examined the lipidome adaptations of bacterium known for its high proportions of alkylglycerol ether lipids in its membrane, under various cultivation conditions including temperature, pH, salinity, and ammonium and phosphorous concentrations. Employing an extensive analytical and computational lipidomic methodology, we identified an assemblage of nearly 400 distinct lipids, including a range of glycerol ether/ester lipids with various polar hea...