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作者：Zhu, Hongru; Ge, Yijun; Bratch, Alexander; Yuille, Alan; Kay, Kendrick; Kersten, Daniel
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; RIKEN; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Human pose, defined as the spatial relationships between body parts, carries instrumental information supporting the understanding of motion and action of a person. A substantial body of previous work has identified cortical areas responsive to images of bodies and different body parts. However, the neural basis underlying the visual perception of body part relationships has received less attention. To broaden our understanding of body perception, we analyzed high - resolution fMRI responses t...
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作者：Sagmeister, Theo; Gubensak, Nina; Buhlheller, Christoph; Grininger, Christoph; Eder, Markus; Dordic, Andela; Millan, Claudia; Medina, Ana; Murcia, Pedro Alejandro Sanchez; Berni, Francesca; Hynonen, Ulla; Vejzovic, Djenana; Damisch, Elisabeth; Kulminskaya, Natalia; Petrowitsch, Lukas; Oberer, Monika; Palva, Airi; Malanovic, Nermina; Codee, Jeroen; Keller, Walter; Uson, Isabel; Pavkov- Keller, Tea
作者单位：University of Graz; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB); Medical University of Graz; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; University of Helsinki; University of Graz; University of Graz; ICREA
摘要：S- layers are crystalline arrays found on bacterial and archaeal cells. Lactobacillus is a diverse family of bacteria known especially for potential gut health benefits. This study focuses on the S- layer proteins from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus amylovorus common in the mammalian gut. Atomic resolution structures of Lactobacillus S- layer proteins SlpA and SlpX exhibit domain swapping, and the obtained assembly model of the main S- layer protein SlpA aligns well with prior ele...
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作者：Thosar, Aniket U.; Cai, Yusheng; Marks, Sean M.; Vicars, Zachariah; Choi, Jeongmoon; Pallath, Akash; Patel, Amish J.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are remarkable biomolecules that suppress ice formation at trace concentrations. To inhibit ice growth, AFPs must not only bind to ice crystals, but also resist engulfment by ice. The highest supercooling, A T * , for which AFPs are able to resist engulfment is widely believed to scale as the inverse of the separation, L , between bound AFPs, whereas its dependence on the molecular characteristics of the AFP remains poorly understood. By using specialized molecular s...
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作者：Hagendorff, Thilo
作者单位：University of Stuttgart
摘要：Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining AI systems with human communication and everyday life. Thus, aligning them with human values is of great importance. However, given the steady increase in reasoning abilities, future LLMs are under suspicion of becoming able to deceive human operators and utilizing this ability to bypass monitoring efforts. As a prerequisite to this, LLMs need to possess a conceptual understanding of deception strategies. This study re...
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作者：Mo, Ruoyang; Xu, Ding; Xu, Ning
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS
摘要：Among many unexpected phenomena of active matter is the recently observed superfluid-like thinning (viscosity drop) behavior of bacteria suspensions. Understanding this peculiar self-propelled thinning by active matter is of theoretical and practical importance. Here, we find that, although distinct in driving mechanisms, active matter and shear flows exhibit similar thinning behaviors upon the increase of self -propulsion and shear forces, respectively. Our structural characterizations reveal...
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作者：Su, Pei-Yi (Alma); Chang, Chih- Hsu; Yen, Shin-Chwen Bruce; Wu, Hsiu- Yi; Tung, Wan- Ju; Hu, Yu- Pei; Chen, Yen-Yu Ian; Lin, Miao- Hsia; Shih, Chiaho; Chen, Pei- Jer; Tsai, Kevin
作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Taiwan University; China Medical University Taiwan; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University Hospital
摘要：Epitranscriptomic RNA modifications have emerged as important regulators of the fate and function of viral RNAs. One prominent modification, the cytidine methylation 5 - methylcytidine (m 5 C), is found on the RNA of HIV - 1, where m 5 C enhances the translation of HIV - 1 RNA. However, whether m 5 C functionally enhances the RNA of other pathogenic viruses remains elusive. Here, we surveyed a panel of commonly found RNA modifications on the RNA of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and found that HBV RN...
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作者：Diem, Stephanie J.; Bayon, Baindu L.; Mahmoud, Hussam; Garcia-Cazarin, Mary L.; Martin, Michael J.; Rittschof, Clare C.; Silveyra, Patricia; Gurkan, Umut A.; Boland-Reeves, Alison; Najib, Dalal; Wasson, Flannery
作者单位：National Academies of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Saint Mary's College of California; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; University of Kentucky; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine
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作者：Ho, Diana M.; Shaban, Muhammad; Mahmood, Faisal; Ganguly, Payel; Todeschini, Leonardo; Van Vactor, David; Artavanis-Tsakonas, Spyros
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
摘要：Cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of TDP - 43 protein are hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and are observed in the vast majority of both familial and sporadic cases. How these two interconnected processes are regulated on a molecular level, however, remains enigmatic. Genome - wide screens for modifiers of the ALS - associated genes TDP - 43 and FUS have identified the phospholipase D (Pld) pathway as a key regulator of ALS - related phenotypes in the fruit fly Drosop...
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作者：Jones, Natalie H.; Liu, Qiwen; Urnavicius, Linas; Dahan, Noa E.; Vostal, Lauren E.; Kapoor, Tarun M.; Arkin, Michelle R.; Cheng, Yifan
作者单位：Rockefeller University; Rockefeller University
摘要：The loss of function of AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) mechanoenzymes has been linked to diseases, and small molecules that activate these proteins can be powerful tools to probe mechanisms and test therapeutic hypotheses. Unlike chemical inhibitors that can bind a single conformational state to block enzyme function, activator binding must be permissive to different conformational states needed for mechanochemistry. However, we do not know how AAA proteins can be ac...
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作者：Kuempel, Caitlin D.; Suarez-Castro, Andres Felipe
作者单位：Griffith University; Griffith University; Griffith University
