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作者：Pyeon, Gyeong Hee; Kim, Joung- Hun; Choi, June- Seek; Jo, Yong Sang; Shin, Hee- Sup
作者单位：Korea University; Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)
摘要：Punishment such as electric shock or physical discipline employs a mixture of physical pain and emotional distress to induce behavior modification. However, a neural circuit that produces behavior modification by selectively focusing the emotional component, while bypassing the pain typically induced by peripheral nociceptor activation, is not well studied. Here, we show that genetically silencing the activity of neurons expressing calcitonin gene - related peptide (CGRP) in the parabrachial n...
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作者：Wu, Qian; Li, Yangyang; Chen, Mengjiao; Kong, Xiaohang
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Agriculture Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, CAAS; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Henan University; Henan University; Nanjing Agricultural University
摘要：Leaf wounding triggers rapid long- range electrical signaling that initiates systemic defense responses to protect the plants from further attack. In Arabidopsis, this process largely depends on clade three GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR- LIKE (GLR) genes GLR3.3 and GLR3.6. In the cellular context, phloem sieve elements and xylem contact cells where GLRs were mostly present are implicated in the signaling events. In spite of that, the spatial requirements of different leaf cell types for leaf- to- leaf si...
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作者：Zhang, Chaojiang; Leyva, Vanessa; Wang, Jia; Turner, Andrew M.; Mcanally, Mason; Herath, Ashanie; Meinert, Cornelia; Young, Leslie A.; Kaiser, Ralf I.
作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Universite Cote d'Azur; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Chemistry (INC); Southwest Research Institute
摘要：The Kuiper Belt object (KBO) Arrokoth, the farthest object in the Solar System ever visited by a spacecraft, possesses a distinctive reddish surface and is characterized by pronounced spectroscopic features associated with methanol. However, the fundamental processes by which methanol ices are converted into reddish, complex organic molecules on Arrokoth's surface have remained elusive. Here, we combine laboratory simulation experiments with a spectroscopic characterization of methanol ices ex...
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作者：Hao, Zhifei; Liu, Guoquan; Wang, Pengfei; Zhang, Weiyu; Sun, Wenming; Zheng, Lirong; Guo, Shaojun; Zhan, Sihui
作者单位：Nankai University; Peking University; Capital Normal University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS
摘要：As a sustainable and promising approach of removing of nitrogen oxides (NOx), catalytic reduction of NOx with H-2 is highly desirable with a precise understanding to the structure-activity relationship of supported catalysts. In particular, the dynamic evolution of support at microscopic scale may play a critical role in heterogeneous catalysis, however, identifying the in situ structural change of support under working condition with atomic precision and revealing its role in catalysis is sti...
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作者：Turner, Sandra Kirtland; Ridgwell, Andy; Keller, Allison L.; Vahlenkamp, Maximilian; Aleksinski, Adam K.; Sexton, Philip F.; Penman, Donald E.; Hull, Pincelli M.; Norris, Richard D.; Canfield, Donald
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Bremen; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Open University - UK; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Yale University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography
摘要：Multiple abrupt warming events (hyperthermals) punctuated the Early Eocene and were associated with deep- sea temperature increases of 2 to 4 degrees C, seafloor carbonate dissolution, and negative carbon isotope (delta 13C) excursions. Whether hyperthermals were associated with changes in the global ocean overturning circulation is important for understanding their driving mechanisms and feedbacks and for gaining insight into the circulation's sensitivity to climatic warming. Here, we present...
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作者：Wang, Na; Zhu, Biqing; Allnutt, Mary Alice; Grijalva, Rosalie M.; Zhao, Hongyu; Chandra, Sreeganga S.
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; Yale University
摘要：Synapse maintenance is essential for generating functional circuitry, and decrement in this process is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease. Yet, little is known about synapse maintenance in vivo. Cysteine string protein alpha (CSP alpha ), encoded by the Dnajc5 gene, is a synaptic vesicle chaperone that is necessary for synapse maintenance and linked to neurodegeneration. To investigate the transcriptional changes associated with synapse maintenance, we performed singlenucleus transcriptom...
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作者：Wang, Zifan; Das, Shuvrangsu; Joshi, Akshay; Shaikeea, Angkur J. D.; Deshpande, Vikram S.
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：The mechanical response of rubbers has been ubiquitously assumed to be only a function of the imposed strain. Using innovative X - ray measurements capturing the three - dimensional spatial volumetric strain fields, we demonstrate that rubbers and indeed many common engineering polymers undergo significant local volume changes. But remarkably, the overall specimen volume remains constant regardless of the imposed loading. This strange behavior which also leads to apparent negative local bulk m...
