作者：Shang, Jin; Wang, Yinqiao; Pan, Deng; Jin, Yuliang; Zhang, Jie
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Tokyo; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Theoretical Physics, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：Amorphous materials undergo a transition from liquid-like to solid-like states through processes like rapid quenching or densification. Under external loads, they exhibit yielding, with minimal structural changes compared to crystals. However, these universal characteristics are rarely explored comprehensively in a single granular experiment due to the added complexity of inherent friction. The discernible differences between static configurations before and after yielding are largely unaddres...
作者：Zliobaite, Indre
作者单位：University of Helsinki; University of Helsinki
摘要：Van Valen's law of constant extinction postulates that in comparable ecological contexts, the probability for a taxon to survive to the next time interval is independent of how long it has already existed. The law implies that species do not age, that is, the survival probability from one time step to the next does not decrease with species' age. While the original law describes survivorship over time, here we show that there is a counterpart to the law describing species dynamics in space. In...
