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作者：Duhne, Mariana; Mohebi, Ali; Kim, Kyoungjun; Pelattini, Lilian; Berke, Joshua D.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：Striatal acetylcholine and dopamine critically regulate movement, motivation, and reward- related learning. Pauses in cholinergic interneuron (CIN) firing are thought to coincide with dopamine pulses encoding reward prediction errors (RPE) to jointly enable synaptic plasticity. Here, we examine the firing of identified CINs during reward- guided decision- making in freely moving rats and compare this firing to dopamine release. Relationships between CINs, dopamine, and behavior varied strongly...
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作者：Wang, Xiangyang; Ma, Lin; Lu, Di; Zhao, Gan; Ren, He; Lin, Qiaoyu; Jia, Mingkang; Huang, Fan; Wang, Shan; Xu, Zhe; Yang, Zhou; Chu, Yan; Xu, Zigang; Li, Wei; Yu, Li; Jiang, Qing; Zhang, Chuanmao
作者单位：Peking University; Kunming University of Science & Technology; Capital Medical University; Tsinghua University; Capital Medical University
摘要：Progerin causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), but how progerin accelerates aging is still an interesting question. Here, we provide evidence linking nuclear envelope (NE) budding and accelerated aging. Mechanistically, progerin disrupts nuclear lamina to induce NE budding in concert with lamin A/C, resulting in transport of chromatin into the cytoplasm where it is removed via autophagy, whereas emerin antagonizes this process. Primary cells from both HGPS patients and mouse mode...
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作者：Wenger, Eliott S.; Schultz, Kollin; Marmorstein, Ronen; Christianson, David W.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Fusicoccadiene synthase from Phomopsis amygdala (PaFS) is a bifunctional terpene synthase. It contains a prenyltransferase (PT) domain that generates geranylgeranyl tenyl diphosphate, and a cyclase domain that converts GGPP into fusicoccadiene, a precursor of the diterpene glycoside Fusicoccin A. The two catalytic domains are connected by a flexible 69- residue linker. The PT domain mediates oligomerization to form predominantly octamers, with cyclase domains randomly splayed out around the PT...
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作者：Harold, Rachel L.; Tulsian, Nikhil K.; Narasimamurthy, Rajesh; Yaitanes, Noelle; Hernandez, Maria G. Ayala; Lee, Hsiau-Wei; Crosby, Priya; Tripathi, Sarvind M.; Virshup, David M.; Partch, Carrie L.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; Duke University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Casein kinase 1 delta (CK1 delta) controls essential biological processes including circadian rhythms and wingless- related integration site (Wnt) signaling, but how its activity is regulated is not well understood. CK1 delta is inhibited by autophosphorylation of its intrinsically disordered C- terminal tail. Two CK1 splice variants, delta 1 and delta 2, are known to have very different effects on circadian rhythms. These variants differ only in the last 16 residues of the tail, referred to a...
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作者：Koster, Anna K.; Yarishkin, Oleg; Dubin, Adrienne E.; Kefauver, Jennifer M.; Pak, Ryan A.; Cravatt, Benjamin F.; Patapoutian, Ardem
作者单位：Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Scripps Research Institute; Scripps Research Institute; Scripps Research Institute
摘要：The propeller- shaped blades of the PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 ion channels partition into the plasma membrane and respond to indentation or stretching of the lipid bilayer, thus converting mechanical forces into signals that can be interpreted by cells, in the form of calcium flux and changes in membrane potential. While PIEZO channels participate in diverse physiological processes, from sensing the shear stress of blood flow in the vasculature to detecting touch through mechanoreceptors in the skin, ...
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作者：Shahriar, Imrul; Kamra, Mohini; Kanduluru, Ananda Kumar; Campbell, Charity Lynn; Nguyen, Thanh Hiep; Srinivasarao, Madduri; Low, Philip S.
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Despite much research, considerable data suggest that influenza virus remains a serious health problem because i) the effectiveness of current vaccines ranges only from 19% to 60%, ii) available therapies remain ineffective in advanced stages of disease, iii) death rates vary between 25,000 and 72,000/year in the United States, and iv) avian influenza strains are now being transmitted to dairy cattle that in turn are infecting humans. To address these concerns, we have developed zanDR, a bispe...
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作者：Jiang, Yong; Wu, Gaoying; Pu, Ying; Wang, Yue; Chu, Na; Zeng, Raymond Jianxiong; Zhang, Xudong; Zhu, Xiangdong; Liang, Peng
作者单位：Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Institute of Biology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Vanderbilt University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, CAS; Tsinghua University
摘要：Acidic CO2 electrolysis, enhanced by the introduction of alkali cations, presents a strategic approach for improving carbon efficiency compared to processes conducted in neutral and alkaline environments. However, a significant challenge arises from the dissolution of both organic acids and alkali cations in a strongly acidic feed stream, resulting in a considerable energy penalty for downstream separation. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using flow-electrode capacitive deioni...
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作者：Alcorn, Francis M.; Giri, Sajal Kumar; Chattoraj, Maya; Nixon, Rachel; Schatz, George C.; Jain, Prashant K.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Northwestern University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Electrochemical reactivity is known to be dictated by the structure and composition of the electrocatalyst-electrolyte interface. Here, we show that optically generated electric fields at this interface can influence electrochemical reactivity insofar as to completely switch reaction selectivity. We study an electrocatalyst composed of gold-copper alloy nanoparticles known to be active toward the reduction of CO2 to CO. However, under the action of highly localized electric fields generated by...
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作者：Alnouri, Mohamad Wessam; Roquid, Kenneth Anthony; Bonnavion, Remy; Cho, Haaglim; Heering, Jan; Kwon, Jeonghyeon; Jaeger, Yannick; Wang, ShengPeng; Guenther, Stefan; Wettschureck, Nina; Geisslingerb, Gerd; Gurke, Robert; Mueller, Christa E.; Proschak, Ewgenij; Offermanns, Stefan
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Max Planck Society; Goethe University Frankfurt; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research; Goethe University Frankfurt; University of Bonn; University of Bonn; Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：Inflammation is a protective response to pathogens and injury. To be effective it needs to be resolved by endogenous mechanisms in order to avoid prolonged and excessive inflammation, which can become chronic. Specialized pro- resolving mediators (SPMs) are a group of lipids derived from omega- 3 fatty acids, which can induce the resolution of inflammation. How SPMs exert their anti- inflammatory and pro- resolving effects is, however, not clear. Here, we show that SPMs such as protectins, mar...
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作者：Bie, Juntao; Li, Yutong; Song, Chen; Weng, Qiaoyou; Zhao, Long; Su, Li; Zhao, Zhongwei; Ye, Yingjiang; Shen, Zhanlong; Ji, Jiansong; Luo, Jianyuan
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Wenzhou Medical University; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University
摘要：Chemotherapy resistance remains a significant obstacle that limits the long- term efficacy of cancer therapy, necessitating further investigations into the underlying mechanisms. Here, we find that DNA fragments induced by chemotherapeutic agents trigger the Mechanically, the lysosome- localized protein LAMTOR1 is up- regulated, and the interaction between LAMTOR1 and cGAS is enhanced upon exposure to DNA fragments, boosting the accumulation and digestion of cGAS in lysosomes through the recep...
