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作者：Herron, Lukas; Mondal, Kinjal; Schneekloth, John S.; Tiwary, Pratyush
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Phase transitions are ubiquitous across life, yet hard to quantify and describe accurately. In this work, we develop an approach for characterizing generic attributes of phase transitions from very limited observations made deep within different phases' domains of stability. Our approach is called thermodynamic maps (TM), which combines statistical mechanics and molecular simulations with score-based generative models. TM enable learning the temperature dependence of arbitrary thermodynamic ob...
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作者：Moosmayer, Thea; Kiszka, Kamila A.; Westphal, Volker; Pape, Jasmin K.; Leutenegger, Marcel; Steffens, Heinz; Grant, Seth G. N.; Sahl, Steffen J.; Hell, Stefan W.
作者单位：University of Gottingen; University of Edinburgh; Max Planck Society
摘要：Optical imaging access to nanometer-level protein distributions in intact tissue is a highly sought- after goal, as it would provide visualization in physiologically relevant contexts. Under the unfavorable signal- to- background conditions of increased absorption and scattering of the excitation and fluorescence light in the complex tissue sample, superresolution fluorescence microscopy methods are severely challenged in attaining precise localization of molecules. We reasoned that the typica...
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作者：Wehbi, Sawsan; Wheeler, Andrew; Morel, Benoit; Manepalli, Nandini; Minh, Bui Quang; Lauretta, Dante S.; Masel, Joanna
作者单位：University of Arizona; Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies; University of Arizona; Australian National University; University of Arizona; University of Arizona
摘要：The current consensus order in which amino acids were added to the genetic code is based on potentially biased criteria, such as the absence of sulfur- containing amino acids from the Urey-Miller experiment which lacked sulfur. More broadly, abiotic abundance might not reflect biotic abundance in the organisms in which the genetic code evolved. Here, we instead identify which protein domains date to the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) and then infer the order of recruitment from deviatio...
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作者：Chakraborty, Pijush; Purslow, Jeffrey A.; Fromm, Simon A.; Chatterjee, Debdeep; Zachrdla, Milan; Zhuang, Shannon; Puri, Sambhavi; Wolozin, Benjamin; Zweckstetter, Markus
作者单位：Helmholtz Association; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL); Boston University; Boston University; Boston University
摘要：The pathological deposition of proteins is a hallmark of several devastating neurodegenerative diseases. These pathological deposits comprise aggregates of proteins that adopt distinct structures named strains. However, the molecular factors responsible for the formation of distinct aggregate strains are unknown. Here, we show that the serine/ by several other kinases, promotes the aggregation of full- length tau as well as enhances reveals that the fibrils formed by GSK3(3- phosphorylated tau...
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作者：He, Deng-Yang; Qiu, Kun-Feng; Simon, Adam C.; Pokrovski, Gleb S.; Yu, Hao-Cheng; Connolly, James A. D.; Li, Shan-Shan; Turner, Simon; Wang, Qing-Fei; Yang, Meng-Fan; Deng, Jun
作者单位：China University of Geosciences; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; China University of Geosciences; Macquarie University
摘要：Oxidation of the sub- arc mantle driven by slab- derived fluids has been hypothesized to contribute to the formation of gold deposits in magmatic arc environments that host the majority of metal resources on Earth. However, the mechanism by which the infiltration of slab- derived fluids into the mantle wedge changes its oxidation state and affects Au enrichment remains poorly understood. Here, we present the results of a numerical model that demonstrates that slab- derived fluids introduce lar...
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作者：Catta-Preta, Carolina M. C.; Ghosh, Kashinath; Sacks, David L.; Ferreira, Tiago R.
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
摘要：Sandfly vectors transmit Leishmania through egestion of parasites into the host skin. The transmissible dose is shaped by Leishmania development in the sandfly gut, described as a sequential differentiation of promastigote morphotypes. Apart from isolated mammal- infective metacyclic promastigotes, little is known about the transcriptional programs and molecular markers for other stages coinhabiting the midgut in mature infections and cotransmitted by the sandfly bite. Here, we elucidate the s...
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作者：Doruska, Molly J.; Barrett, Christopher B.; Rohr, Jason R.
作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; University of Notre Dame
摘要：Infectious disease can reduce labor productivity and incomes, trapping subpopulations in a vicious cycle of ill health and poverty. Efforts to boost African farmers' agricultural production through fertilizer use can inadvertently promote the growth of aquatic vegetation that hosts disease vectors. Recent trials established that removing aquatic vegetation habitat for snail intermediate hosts reduces schistosomiasis infection rates in children, while converting the harvested vegetation into co...
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作者：Harding, Anthony; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Yang, Wenchang; Keith, David W.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Princeton University; Princeton University; University of Chicago
摘要：Decisions about solar geoengineering (SG) entail risk-risk tradeoffs between the direct risks of SG and SG's ability to reduce climate risks. Quantitative comparisons between these risks are needed to inform public policy. We evaluate idealized SG's effectiveness in reducing deaths from warming using two climate models and an econometric analysis of temperature- attributable mortality. We find SG's impact on temperature- attributable mortality is uneven with decreases for hotter, poorer region...
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作者：Joshy, Dennis; Santpere, Gabriel; Soojin, V. Yi
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Hospital del Mar Research Institute; Hospital del Mar; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：The molecular basis of human brain evolution is a key piece in understanding the evolution of human- specific cognitive and behavioral traits. Comparative studies have suggested that human brain evolution was accompanied by accelerated changes of gene expression (referred to as regulatory evolution), especially those leading to an increase of gene products involved in energy production and metabolism. However, the signals of accelerated regulatory evolution were not always consistent across st...
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作者：Thiemens, Maxwell M.; Martinez, Morgan H. Nunn; Thiemens, Mark H.
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：The origin ofwater in the Earth- Moon system is a pivotal question in planetary science, particularly with the need for water resources in the race to establish lunar bases. The candidate origins of lunar water are an indigenous lunar component, solar wind water production, and the delivery of meteoritic and cometary material. Characterizing the oxygen isotopic composition of water provides information on lunar oxygen sources. The scarcity of lunar water required the development of a high- pre...
