-
作者：Chen, Teng; Liu, Wen-Bo; Zhu, Sheng-Jie; Aji, Abudula; Zhang, Chen; Zhang, Chao-Chen; Duan, Yu-Jie; Zuo, Jia -Xin; Liu, Zhe-Chen; Li, Hao-Jun; Wang, Yu-Quan; Mi, Wen-Li; Mao-Ying, Qi -Liang; Wang, Yan-Qing; Chu, Yu-Xia
作者单位：Fudan University; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fudan University; Fudan University
摘要：Persistent pain frequently precipitates the development of anxiety disorders, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we employed a mouse model that simulates trigeminal neuralgia and observed a marked reduction in the activity of GABAergic neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), a critical region for modulating pain and anxiety. We utilized precise optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques to modulate these neurons, which significantly alleviated behaviors associat...
-
作者：Risteski, Patrik; Martincic, Jelena; Jagric, Mihaela; Tintor, Erna; Petelinec, Ana; Tolic, Iva M.
作者单位：Rudjer Boskovic Institute
摘要：Cancer cells often display errors in chromosome segregation, some of which result from improper chromosome alignment at the spindle midplane. Chromosome alignment is facilitated by different rates of microtubule poleward flux between sister kinetochore fibers. However, the role of the poleward flux in supporting mitotic fidelity remains unknown. Here, we introduce the hypothesis that the finely tuned poleward flux safeguards against lagging chromosomes and micronuclei at mitotic exit by promot...
-
作者：Sun, Yuntong; Dai, Liming; Sui, Nicole L. D.; Li, Yinghao; Tian, Meng; Duan, Jingjing; Chen, Sheng; Lee, Jong-Min
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University; Nanjing University of Science & Technology; Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI); Nanyang Technological University; Nanjing University of Science & Technology
摘要：To tackle significant environmental and energy challenges from increased greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, we propose a method that synergistically combines cost- efficient integrated systems with parallel catalysis to produce high- value chemicals from CO2, NO, and other gases. We employed asymmetrically stretched InO5S with symmetry- breaking indium sites as a highly efficient trifunctional catalysts for NO reduction, CO2 reduction, and O2 reduction. Mechanistic studies reveal that...
-
作者：Liefer, Justin D.; White, Angelicque E.; Finkel, Zoe V.; Irwin, Andrew J.; Dugenne, Mathilde; Inomura, Keisuke; Ribalet, Francois; Armbrust, E. Virginia; Karl, David M.; Fyfe, Matthew H.; Brown, Christopher M.; Follows, Michael J.
作者单位：Mount Allison University; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Dalhousie University; Dalhousie University; University of Rhode Island; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Mount Allison University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The proportions of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in surface ocean particulate matter deviate greatly from the canonical Redfield Ratio (C:N:P = 106:16:1) in space and time with significant implications for global carbon storage as this matter reaches the deep ocean. Recent work has revealed clear latitudinal patterns in C:N:P, yet the relative importance of ecological, physiological, or biochemical processes in creating these patterns is unclear. We present high- resolution, con...
-
作者：Toth, Balazs; Jiang, Yuefeng; Szollosi, Andras; Zhang, Zhe; Csanady, Laszlo
作者单位：Semmelweis University; Semmelweis University; Semmelweis University; Peking University; Peking University
摘要：Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) cation channels contribute to immunocyte activation, insulin secretion, and central thermoregulation. TRPM2 opens upon binding cytosolic Ca2+ and ADP ribose (ADPR). We present here the 2.5 & Aring; cryo- electronmicroscopy structure of TRPM2 from Nematostella vectensis (nvTRPM2) in a lipid nanodisc, complexed with Ca2+ and ADPR-2 '- phosphate. Comparison with nvTRPM2 without nucleotide reveals that nucleotide binding- induced movements in the p...
-
作者：Underwood, Thomas R.; Bourg, Ian C.; Rosso, Kevin M.
作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Princeton University; Princeton University
摘要：The formation of mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) is a key phenomenon that may explain the slow turnover rates of carbon in soil organic matter (SOM). Despite this, important details pertaining to the structure and dynamics of MAOM remain unknown. In the present study, we use replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations to gain insight into the structure of MAOM on the surface of prototypical phyllosilicate clay and Fe-oxide minerals, montmorillonite and goethite, fine-grained miner...
-
作者：Yoon, Iris H. R.; Henselman-Petrusek, Gregory; Yu, Yiyi; Ghrist, Robert; Smith, Spencer LaVere; Giusti, Chad
作者单位：Wesleyan University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Oregon State University
摘要：Neural manifolds summarize the intrinsic structure of the information encoded bya population of neurons. Advances in experimental techniques have made simulta-neous recordings from multiple brain regions increasingly commonplace, raising thepossibility of studying how these manifolds relate across populations. However, whenthe manifolds are nonlinear and possibly code for multiple unknown variables, it ischallenging to extract robust and falsifiable information about their relationships.We int...
-
作者：Kosinski, Michal
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Eleven large language models (LLMs) were assessed using 40 bespoke false- belief tasks, considered a gold standard in testing theory of mind (ToM) in humans. Each task included a false- belief scenario, three closely matched true- belief control scenarios, and the reversed versions of all four. An LLM had to solve all eight scenarios to solve a single task. Older models solved no tasks; Generative Pre- trained Transformer (GPT)- 3- davinci-003 (from November 2022) and ChatGPT-3.5-turbo (from M...
-
作者：Larrinaga, Wyatt B.; Jung, Jonathan J.; Lin, Chi-Yun; Boal, Amie K.; Cotruvo, Joseph A., Jr.
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Elucidating details of biology's selective uptake and trafficking of rare earth elements, particularly the lanthanides, has the potential to inspire sustainable biomolecular separations of these essential metals for myriad modern technologies. Here, we biochemically and structurally characterize Methylobacterium ( Methylorubrum ) extorquens LanD, a periplasmic protein from a bacterial gene cluster for lanthanide uptake. This protein provides only four ligands at its surface- exposed lanthanide...
-
作者：Schultner, David T.; Stillerman, Benjamin S.; Lindstroem, Bjoern R.; Hackel, Leor M.; Hagen, Damaris R.; Jostmann, Nils B.; Amodio, David M.
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Karolinska Institutet; New York University; University of Southern California
摘要：How are societal stereotypes transmitted to individual- level group preferences? We propose that exposure to a stereotype, regardless of whether one agrees with it, can shape how one experiences and learns from interactions with members of the stereotyped group, such that it induces individual- level prejudice-a process involving the interplay of semantic knowledge and instrumental learning. In a series of experiments, participants interacted with players from two groups, described with either...
