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作者：Du, Wei; Jiang, Shanshan; Yin, Shengxiang; Wang, Rongjiang; Zhang, Chunling; Yin, Bin - Cheng; Li, Jialin; Li, Li; Qi, Nan; Zhou, Ying; Ye, Bang-Ce
作者单位：East China University of Science & Technology; Zhejiang University of Technology; Ningbo University; Guangzhou Laboratory
摘要：Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is potentially linked to disordered tryptophan metabolism that attributes to the intricate interplay among diet, gut microbiota, and host physiology. However, underlying mechanisms are substantially unknown. Comparing the gut microbiome and metabolome differences in mice fed a normal diet (ND) and high- fat diet (HFD), we uncover that the gut microbiota-dependent tryptophan metabolite 5- hydroxyindole- 3- acetic acid (5- HIAA) is present at lower concentrations in mice wi...
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作者：Martin, Ashley E.; Beltran, Diego Guevara; Koster, Jeremy; Tracy, Jessica L.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Arizona; Max Planck Society; University of British Columbia
摘要：Emerging evidence suggests that gender is a defining feature of personhood. Studies show that gender is the primary social category individuals use to perceive humanness and the social category most strongly related to seeing someone-or something-as human. However, the universality of gender's primacy in social perception and its precedence over other social categories like race and age have been debated. We examined the primacy of gender perception in the Mayangna community of Nicaragua, a po...
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作者：Wright, Vashan; Morzfeld, Matthias; Manga, Michael
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Large volumes of liquid water transiently existed on the surface of Mars more than 3 billion years ago. Much of this water is hypothesized to have been sequestered in the subsurface or lost to space. We use rock physics models and Bayesian inversion to identify combinations of lithology, liquid water saturation, porosity, and pore shape consistent with the constrained mid-crust (similar to 11.5 to 20 km depths) seismic velocities and gravity near the InSight lander. A mid-crust composed of fra...
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作者：Bertrand, Tanguy; Forget, Francois; Lellouch, Emmanuel
作者单位：Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Universite PSL; Observatoire de Paris; Sorbonne Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique
摘要：Triton and Pluto are believed to share a common origin, both forming initially in the Kuiper Belt but Triton being later captured by Neptune. Both objects display similar sizes, densities, and atmospheric and surface ice composition, with the presence of volatile ices N2, CH4, and CO. Yet their appearance, including their surface albedo and ice distribution strongly differ. What can explain these different appearances? A first disparity is that Triton is experiencing significant tidal heating ...
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作者：Daru, Barnabas H.
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：Vascular plants are diverse and a major component of terrestrial ecosystems, yet their geographic distributions remain incomplete. Here, I present a global database of vascular plant distributions by integrating species distribution models calibrated to species' dispersal ability and natural habitats to predict native range maps for 201,681 vascular plant species into unsurveyed areas. Using these maps, I uncover unique patterns of native vascular plant diversity, endemism, and phylogenetic di...
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作者：Gobert, Tristan; Connan, Solene; Chatelain, Benjamin; Rouget, Marie- Laure; Stiger-Pouvreau, Valerie; Waeles, Matthieu
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ifremer; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer (IUEM)
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作者：Kovalevskiy, Oleg; Garcia, Juan Mateos-; Tunyasuvunakool, Kathryn
作者单位：Alphabet Inc.; DeepMind; Google Incorporated
摘要：Two years on from the initial release of AlphaFold, we have seen its widespread adoption as a structure prediction tool. Here, we discuss some of the latest work based on AlphaFold, with a particular focus on its use within the structural biology community. This encompasses use cases like speeding up structure determination itself, enabling new computational studies, and building new tools and workflows. We also look at the ongoing validation of AlphaFold, as its predictions continue to be com...
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作者：Hansen, Kasper Holst; Byeon, Chang Hyeock; Liu, Qian; Drace, Taner; Boesen, Thomas; Conway, James F.; Andreasen, Maria; Akbey, Umit
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Aarhus University; Aarhus University; Aarhus University
摘要：Biofilm- protected pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus causes chronic infections that are difficult to treat. An essential building block of these biofilms are functional amyloid fibrils that assemble from phenol- soluble modulins (PSMs). PSM alpha 1 cross- seeds other PSMs into cross-beta amyloid folds and is therefore a key element in initiating biofilm formation. However, the paucity of high- resolution structures hinders efforts to prevent amyloid assembly and biofilm formation. Here, we pres...
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作者：Saito, Makoto; Arai, Fumihito; Yamanishi, Yoko; Sakuma, Shinya
作者单位：Kyushu University; University of Tokyo
摘要：Microvortices are emerging components that impart functionality to microchannels by exploiting inertia effects such as high shear stress, effective fluid diffusion, and large pressure loss. Exploring the dynamic generation of vortices further expands the scope of microfluidic applications, including cell stimulation, fluid mixing, and transport. Despite the crucial role of vortices' development within sub- millisecond timescales, previous studies in microfluidics did not explore the modulation...
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作者：Amaral, Lenia; Thomas, Peyton; Amedi, Amir; Striem-Amit, Ella
作者单位：Georgetown University; Reichman University; Reichman University
摘要：The primary visual cortex (V1) in blindness is engaged in a wide spectrum of tasks and sensory modalities, including audition, touch, language, and memory.This widespread involvement raises questions regarding the constancy of its role and whether it might exhibit flexibility in its function over time, connecting to diverse network functions specific to task demands. This would suggest that reorganized V1 assumes a role like multiple- demand system regions. Alternatively, varying patterns of p...
