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作者：Zhou, Ye; Washington, Erica J.; Hsu, Allen L.; Petrovich, Matthew; Tenor, Jennifer L.; Toffaletti, Dena L.; Guan, Ziqiang; Perfect, John R.; Borgnia, Mario J.; Bartesaghi, Alberto; Brennan, Richard G.
作者单位：Duke University; Duke University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); Duke University
摘要：Invasive fungal diseases are a major threat to human health, resulting in more than 1.5 million annual deaths worldwide. The arsenal of antifungal therapeutics remains limited and is in dire need of drugs that target additional biosynthetic pathways that are absent from humans. One such pathway involves the biosynthesis of trehalose. Trehalose is a disaccharide that is required for pathogenic fungi to survive in their human hosts. In the first step of trehalose biosynthesis, trehalose-6- phosp...
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作者：Otun, Omolade; Aljamous, Christelle; Del Nero, Elise; Arimont-Segura, Marta; Bosma, Reggie; Zarzycka, Barbara; Girbau, Tristan; Leyrat, Cedric; de Graaf, Chris; Leurs, Rob; Durroux, Thierry; Granier, Sebastien; Cong, Xiaojing; Bechara, Cherine
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite de Montpellier; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Institut Universitaire de France; Heptares Therapeutics Ltd.
摘要：Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3) belongs to the G protein- coupled receptor family but it does not signal through G proteins. The structural properties that govern the functional selectivity and the conformational dynamics of ACKR3 activation are poorly understood. Here, we combined hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, site- directed mutagenesis, and molecular dynamics simulations to examine the binding mode and mechanism of action of ACKR3 ligands of different efficacies. Our r...
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作者：Patel, Rickesh N.; Roberts, Natalie S.; Kempenaers, Julian; Zadel, Ana; Heinze, Stanley
作者单位：Lund University; Lund University
摘要：Insects rely on path integration (vector- based navigation) and landmark guidance to perform sophisticated navigational feats, rivaling those seen in mammals. Bees in particular exhibit complex navigation behaviors including creating optimal routes and novel shortcuts between locations, an ability historically indicative of the presence of a cognitive map. A mammalian cognitive map has been widely accepted. However, in insects, the existence of a centralized cognitive map is highly contentious...
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作者：Cedden, Doga; Guney, Gozde; Toprak, Umut
作者单位：Ankara University; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen
摘要：Animals can alter their body compositions in anticipation of dormancy to endure seasons with limited food availability. Accumulation of lipid reserves, mostly in the form of triglycerides (TAGs), is observed during the preparation for dormancy in diverse animals, including insects (diapause) and mammals (hibernation). However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipid accumulation and the ecological consequences of failure to accumulate adequate lipid stores in preparation for animal ...
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作者：Hulett, Ryan E.; Lopez, Carlos Rivera-; Gehrke, Andrew R.; Gompers, Annika; Srivastava, Mansi
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：Animals capable of whole- body regeneration can replace any missing cell type and regenerate fully functional new organs, including new brains, de novo. The regeneration of a new brain requires the formation of diverse neural cell types and their assembly into an organized structure with correctly wired circuits. Recent work in various regenerative animals has revealed transcriptional programs required for the differentiation of distinct neural subpopulations, however, how these transcriptiona...
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作者：Fu, Buli; Liang, Jinjin; Hu, Jinyu; Du, Tianhua; Tan, Qimei; He, Chao; Wei, Xuegao; Gong, Peipan; Yang, Jing; Liu, Shaonan; Huang, Mingjiao; Gui, Lianyou; Liu, Kui; Zhou, Xuguo; Nauen, Ralf; Bass, Chris; Yang, Xin; Zhang, Youjun
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, CAAS; Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; Yangtze University; Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hunan Agricultural University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Bayer AG; University of Exeter
摘要：Trade- offs between evolutionary gain and loss are prevalent in nature, yet their genetic basis is not well resolved. The evolution of insect resistance to insecticide is often associated with strong fitness costs; however, how the fitness trade- offs operates remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and its upstream and downstream actors underlie the fitness trade- offs associated with insecticide resistance in the whitefly Bemisia tab...
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作者：Natarajan, Chandramohan; Le, Linh H. D.; Gunasekaran, Manojkumar; Tracey, Kevin J.; Chernoff, David; Levine, Yaakov A.
作者单位：Northwell Health; Northwell Health; Northwell Health; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital; Novartis; Novartis USA
摘要：Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) disorder that is associated with functional impairment and accruing disability. There are multiple U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- approved drugs that effectively dampen inflammation and slow disability progression. However, these agents do not work well for all patients and are associated with side effects that may limit their use. The vagus nerve (VN) provides a direct communication conduit between the CNS and t...
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作者：Zdrzalek, Rafal; Xi, Yuxuan; Langner, Thorsten; Bentham, Adam R.; Houdenot, Yohann Petit-; De la Concepcion, Juan Carlos; Harant, Adeline; Shimizu, Motoki; Were, Vincent; Talbot, Nicholas J.; Terauchi, Ryohei; Kamoun, Sophien; Banfield, Mark J.
作者单位：UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Center; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Center; University of East Anglia; Iwate Biotechnology Research Center; Kyoto University; Max Planck Society; Universite Paris Saclay; INRAE; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)
摘要：Bioengineering of plant immune receptors has emerged as a key strategy for generating novel disease resistance traits to counteract the expanding threat of plant pathogens to global food security. However, current approaches are limited by rapid evolution of plant pathogens in the field and may lack durability when deployed. Here, we show that the rice nucleotidebinding, leucine- rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor Pik- 1 can be engineered to respond to a conserved family of effectors from the m...
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作者：Qiu, Haoyi; Miraucourt, Lois S.; Petitjean, Hugues; Xu, Mengyi; Theriault, Catherine; Davidova, Albena; Soubeyre, Vanessa; Poulen, Gaetan; Lonjon, Nicolas; Vachiery-Lahaye, Florence; Bauchet, Luc; Levesque-Damphousse, Philipa; Estall, Jennifer L.; Bourinet, Emmanuel; Sharif-Naeini, Reza
作者单位：McGill University; McGill University; Universite de Montpellier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite de Montpellier; CHU de Montpellier; Universite de Montpellier; Universite de Montreal; Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal (IRCM)
摘要：Spinal cord dorsal horn inhibition is critical to the processing of sensory inputs, and its impairment leads to mechanical allodynia. How this decreased inhibition occurs and whether its restoration alleviates allodynic pain are poorly understood. Here, we show that a critical step in the loss of inhibitory tone is the change in the firing pattern of inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)- expressing neurons (PVNs). Our results show that PV, a calcium- binding protein, controls the firing activity of PVN...
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作者：Trumpff, Caroline; Monzel, Anna S.; Sandi, Carmen; Menon, Vilas; Klein, Hans - Ulrich; Fujita, Masashi; Lee, Annie; Petyuk, Vladislav A.; Hurst, Cheyenne; Duong, Duc M.; Seyfried, Nicholas T.; Wingo, Aliza P.; Wingo, Thomas S.; Wang, Yanling; Thambisetty, Madhav; Ferrucci, Luigi; Bennett, David A.; Jager, Philip L. De; Picard, Martin
作者单位：Columbia University; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Columbia University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Emory University; Emory University; Rush University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA); Columbia University; NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; New York State Psychiatry Institute; Columbia University
摘要：Psychosocial experiences affect brain health and aging trajectories, but the molecular pathways underlying these associations remain unclear. Normal brain function relies on energy transformation by mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Two main lines of evidence position mitochondria both as targets and drivers of psychosocial experiences. On the one hand, chronic stress exposure and mood states may alter multiple aspects of mitochondrial biology; on the other hand, functional vari...
