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作者：Scavia, Donald; Ludsin, Stuart A.; Michalak, Anna M.; Obenour, Daniel R.; Han, Mingyu; Johnson, Laura T.; Wang, Yu-Chen; Zhao, Gang; Zhou, Yuntao
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作者：Hendrix, Josie; Hait, Diptarka; Michelsen, Hope A.; Head, Martin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Stanford University; Stanford University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) play a major role in the chemistry of combustion, pyrolysis, and the interstellar medium. Production (or activation) of radical PAHs and propagation of their resulting reactions require efficient dehydrogenation, but the preferred method of hydrogen loss is not well understood. Unimolecular hydrogen ejection (i.e., direct C-H bond fission) and bimolecular radical abstraction are two main candidate pathways. We performed a computational study to character...
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作者：Abt, Evan R.; Lam, Alex K.; Noguchi, Miyako; Rashid, Khalid; Mclaughlin, Jami; Teng, Pu - Lin; Tran, Wendy; Cheng, Donghui; Nesterenko, Pavlo A.; Mao, Zhiyuan; Creech, Amanda L.; Sojo, Giselle Burton; Jeyachandran, Arjit Vijey; Tam, Ying K.; Henley, Jill E.; Comai, Lucio; Pardi, Norbert; Arumugaswami, Vaithilingaraja; Witte, Owen N.; Radu, Caius G.; Wu, Ting- Ting
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Southern California; University of Pennsylvania; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
摘要：Combining a T cell- targeting mRNA vaccine encoding the conserved SARS-CoV-2 RNA- dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp, with a Spike- encoding mRNA vaccine may offer an additional pathway toward COVID-19 protection. Here, we show that a nucleoside- modified RdRp mRNA vaccine raises robust and durable CD8+ T cell responses in mice. Immunization drives a CD8+ T cell response enriched toward a specific RdRp epitope. Unexpectedly, coadministration of mRNA vaccines encoding RdRp or the Spike Receptor Bin...
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作者：Boyd, Robert; Richerson, Peter J.
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：The study of cultural evolution using ideas from population biology began about 50 y ago, with the work of L.L. Cavalli-Sforza, Marcus Feldman, and ourselves. It has grown from this small beginning into a vital field with many publications and its own scientific society. In this essay, we give our perspective on the origins of the field and current unanswered questions.
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作者：Derex, Maxime; Edmiston, Pierce; Lupyan, Gary; Mesoudi, Alex
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Exeter
摘要：Although the theoretical foundations of the modern field of cultural evolution have been in place for over 50 y, laboratory experiments specifically designed to test cultural evolutionary theory have only existed for the last two decades. Here, we review the main experimental designs used in the field of cultural evolution, as well as major findings related to the generation of cultural variation, content- and model- based biases, cumulative cultural evolution, and nonhuman culture. We then id...
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作者：Noroozi, Jalaledin; Rezayat, Ehsan; Dehaqani, Mohammad-Reza A.
作者单位：Tarbiat Modares University; Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences IPM; University of Tehran; University of Tehran
摘要：Primates are known for their exceptional ability to recognize faces. However, we still have much to learn about how their brains process faces when they are partially hidden. When we cover parts of a face, it affects how our brains respond, even though we still perceive the face as a whole. This suggests that complex brain networks are at work in understanding partially hidden faces. To explore this further, we studied two brain regions, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and the infe...
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作者：Paidi, Vinod K.; Lee, Byoung-Hoon; Lee, Alex Taekyung; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab; Grishaeva, Elizaveta; Vasala, Sami; Glatzel, Pieter; Ko, Wonjae; Ahn, Docheon; Hyeon, Taeghwan; Kim, Younghak; Lee, Kug-Seung
作者单位：European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF); Korea University; Yale University; Institute for Basic Science - Korea (IBS); Seoul National University (SNU); Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH)
摘要：Oxygen vacancies and their correlation with the nanomagnetism and electronic structure are crucial for applications in dilute magnetic semiconductors design applications. Here, we report on cobalt single atom-incorporated titanium dioxide (TiO2) monodispersed nanoparticles synthesized using a thermodynamic redistribution strategy. Using advanced synchrotron-based X-ray techniques and simulations, we find trivalent titanium is absent, indicating trivalent cations do not influence ferromagnetic ...
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作者：Zhang, Xuan; Schlimgen, Roman R.; Singh, Stephanie; Tomani, Michael P.; Volkman, Brian F.; Zhang, Cheng
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Medical College of Wisconsin; Medical College of Wisconsin; University of Rochester
摘要：The X- C motif chemokine receptor XCR1, which selectively binds to the chemokine XCL1, is highly expressed in conventional dendritic cells subtype 1 (cDC1s) and crucial for their activation. Modulating XCR1 signaling in cDC1s could offer novel opportunities in cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development by enhancing the antigen presentation function of cDC1s. To investigate the molecular mechanism of XCL- induced XCR1 signaling, we determined a high- resolution structure of the human XCR1 and...
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作者：Lettman, Molly M.; Mendina, Caitlin A.; Burkard, Emma; Alvin, James R.; Zhu, Yunyun; Coon, Joshua J.; Audhya, Anjon
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; The Morgridge Institute for Research, Inc.
摘要：Inherited forms of motor neuron disease (MND), including hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP), are associated with the death or dysfunction of nerve cells that control skeletal muscle activity. However, in some cases, the impacts of genetic variants underlying MND act in a non-cell autonomous manner, instead affecting the function of other cell types necessary for neuronal maintenance. Pathological mutations in TFG, which have been implicated in HSP, lead to axonopathy within the corticospinal...
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作者：Spektor, Mikhail S.; Wulff, Dirk U.
作者单位：VinUniversity; University of Warwick; Max Planck Society; University of Basel
摘要：How do people search for information when they are given the opportunity to freely explore their options? Previous research has suggested that people focus on reducing uncertainty before making a decision, but it remains unclear how exactly they do so and whether they do so consistently. We present an analysis of over 1,000,000 information-search decisions made by over 2,500 individuals in a decisions-from- experience setting that cleanly separates information search from choice. Using a data-...
