39期

最新文章

• Nonmuscle myosin 2 turnover in cells is synergistically controlled by the tail and the motor domain AI翻译
  作者：Chougule, Anil; Svitkina, Tatyana M.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Myosin 2, an actin-dependent motor, is universally responsible for cell contractility due to its ability to form bipolar filaments. Fast turnover of nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) filaments is necessary to keep up with cell motility and shape changes. The turnover mechanisms are not fully understood and differ for two main mammalian paralogs- NM2A and NM2B-whereas paralog copolymerization adds complexity to this process by enabling the intrinsically fast NM2A to dynamize the intrinsically slow NM2B....
• Oxytocin and vasopressin enhance social pain empathy via common and distinct of neural expressions, genetic pathways, and networks AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Xiaodong; Liu, Qi; Liu, Can; Wang, Ziheng; Fu, Kun; Lan, Chunmei; Xu, Ting; Zhou, Xinqi; Kendrick, Keith M.; Yao, Dezhong; Becker, Benjamin; Zhao, Weihua
  作者单位：University of Electronic Science & Technology of China; Southwest University of Science & Technology - China; Southwest University - China; Sichuan Normal University; University of Electronic Science & Technology of China; University of Hong Kong; University of Electronic Science & Technology of China; Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital
  摘要：Witnessing social distress of others evokes social pain empathy, a complex process engaging cognitive, affective, and motivational dimensions. Although hypothalamic neuropeptides oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are known to modulate social function, their respective contributions to the process of social pain empathy have not been systematically characterized. To address this, we employed a multimethod approach, combining naturalistic fMRI, functional decoding, gene expression an...
• Exploring exoplanet dynamics with JWST: Tides, rotation, rings, and moons AI翻译
  作者：Millholland, Sarah C.; Winn, Joshua N.
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Princeton University
  摘要：Although nearly 6,000 exoplanets are currently known, in most cases, our knowledge is limited to a handful of the planet's orbital characteristics and bulk properties such as radius and mass. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) can expand our knowledge not only by probing exoplanet atmospheres but also by measuring additional orbital and physical properties of exoplanets, thanks to its superior light-gathering power and measurement precision. Here, we describe the potential of JWST to unveil...
• Anion-π interaction-induced phase separation as a prebiotic pathway to oxygenation AI翻译
  作者：Ren, Xiaokang; Song, Xiaowei; Lyu, Lecheng; Chen, Michael W.; Zare, Richard N.; Dai, Yifan
  作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Stanford University; Washington University (WUSTL)
  摘要：Compartmentalization and chemical reactivity serve as the key elements driving prebiotic chemistry for evolution and selection. However, the potential coupling of compartmentalization chemistry with the intrinsic chemical activity of prebiotic compartments remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that anion-1t interactions, which are largely overlooked in the chemistry of phase transition, can drive the formation of micron-sized assemblies. These structures further recruit cations to f...
• Nanotechnology-driven coordination of shoot-root systems enhances rice nitrogen use efficiency AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Chuanxi; Cheng, Bingxu; Xiao, Zhenggao; Ji, Yahui; Zhang, Jiangshan; Zhou, Rongxin; Yuan, Xian - Zheng; Kah, Melanie; Wang, Zhenyu; Xing, Baoshan
  作者单位：Jiangnan University; Jiangnan University; Shandong University; University of Auckland; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
  摘要：Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural production can reduce fertilizer input, mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and decrease water pollution incidence. However, improving NUE in farming systems without compromising food security remains challenging. Herein, we have successfully developed and applied selenium-based nanotechnology, which capitalizes on above-and belowground synergies to enhance field-scale NUE. Specifically, when N fertilizer application was reduced by 30%, fol...
• Within-country inequality and the shaping of a just global climate policy AI翻译
  作者：Young-Brun, Marie; Dennig, Francis; Errickson, Frank; Feindt, Simon; Mejean, Aurelie; Zuber, Stephane
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Paris School of Economics; Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH); Leipzig University; The World Bank; Princeton University; Potsdam Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung; Technical University of Berlin; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); AgroParisTech
  摘要：Climate policy design must balance emissions mitigation with concerns for fairness, particularly as climate change disproportionately affects the poorest households within and across countries. Integrated Assessment Models used for global climate policy evaluation have so far typically not considered inequality effects within countries. To fill this gap, we develop a global Integrated Assessment Model representing national economies and subnational income, mitigation cost, and climate damage d...
• Ebola virus VP35 NNLNS motif modulates viral RNA synthesis and MIB2-mediated signaling AI翻译
  作者：Uwase, Grace; Luthra, Priya; Vogel, Olivia A.; Batra, Jyoti; La Rosa, Bruno A.; Sheehan, Kathleen C. F.; Khatavkar, Oam; Payton, Jacqueline E.; Davey, Robert A.; Krogan, Nevan J.; Basler, Christopher F.; Leung, Daisy W.; Amarasinghe, Gaya K.
  作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Saint Louis University; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; The J David Gladstone Institutes; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Boston University; Saint Louis University; Washington University (WUSTL)
  摘要：Ebola virus (EBOV) is a nonsegmented, negative-sense virus (NNSV) with a single-stranded RNA genome. EBOV encodes for a limited number of proteins and thus depends on host factors to facilitate viral replication and pathogenesis. Of the virus-encoded proteins, multifunctional EBOV VP35 (eVP35) is necessary for host immune evasion and viral RNA synthesis. Previous proteomics studies identified an interaction between eVP35 and the host E3 ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 2 (MIB2). Here, we show how an ...
• A precise metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen ratio for a warm giant exoplanet from its panchromatic JWST emission spectrum AI翻译
  作者：Wiser, Lindsey S.; Bell, Taylor J.; Line, Michael R.; Schlawin, Everett; Beatty, Thomas G.; Welbanks, Luis; Greene, Thomas P.; Parmentier, Vivien; Murphy, Matthew M.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Arnold, Kenny; Mehta, Nishil; Ohno, Kazumasa; Mukherjee, Sagnick
  作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research Center; Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Arizona; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Universite Cote d'Azur; Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ)
  摘要：WASP-80 b, a warm sub-Jovian (equilibrium temperature similar to 820 K, 0.5 Jupiter masses), presents an opportunity to characterize a rare gas giant exoplanet around a low-mass star. In addition, its moderate temperature enables its atmosphere to host a range of carbon and oxygen species (H2O, CH4, CO, CO2, NH3). In this paper, we present a panchromatic emission spectrum of WASP-80 b, the first gas giant around a late K/early M-dwarf star and the coolest planet for which the James Webb Space ...
• FGF21 acting on the noradrenergic nervous system protects against influenza virus infection AI翻译
  作者：Fan, Wei; Zhang, Yuan; Gautron, Laurent; Thomas, David G.; Delgado, Heather W. Stout -; Schenck, Edward J.; Gwatiringa, Tadiwanashe; Rajagopalan, Kartik N.; Mangelsdorf, David J.; Kliewer, Steven A.
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
  摘要：The hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is induced in murine liver in response to both bacterial and viral infection. In this report, we show that FGF21 is induced by infection with influenza virus in both humans and mice. Mice lacking FGF21 had decreased food intake, body weight, and body temperature compared to wild-type mice following influenza virus inoculation, indicating reduced tolerance to the infection. Conversely, pharmacologic administration of FGF21 after viral infection pr...
• Why depolarization is hard: Evaluating attempts to decrease partisan animosity in America AI翻译
  作者：Holliday, Derek E.; Lelkes, Yphtach; Westwood, Sean J.
  作者单位：George Washington University; University of Pennsylvania; Dartmouth College
  摘要：Affective polarization is a corrosive force in American politics. While numerous studies have developed interventions to reduce it, their capacity for creating lasting, largescale change is unclear. This study comprehensively evaluates existing interventions through a meta-analysis of 77 treatments from 25 published studies and two largescale experiments. Our meta-analysis reveals that the average effect of treatments on animosity is modest (a 5.4-point shift on a 101-point scale), and decays ...