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作者：Humlum, Anders; Vestergaard, Emilie
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Copenhagen
摘要：We study the adoption of ChatGPT, the icon of Generative AI, using a large-scale survey linked to comprehensive register data in Denmark. Surveying 18,000 workers from 11 exposed occupations, we document that ChatGPT is widespread, especially among younger and less-experienced workers. However, substantial inequalities have emerged. Women are 16 percentage points less likely to have used the tool for work. Furthermore, despite its potential to lift workers with less expertise, users of ChatGPT...
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作者：Mazigi, Ohan; Langley, David B.; Henry, Jake Y.; Burnett, Deborah L.; Sobti, Meghna; Walker, GregoryJ.; Rouet, Romain; Balachandran, Harikrishnan; Lenthall, Helen; Jackson, Jennifer; Ubiparipovic, Stephanie; Schofield, Peter; Brown, Simon H. J.; Schulz, Sebastian R.; Hoffmann, Markus; Poehlmann, Stefan; Post, Jeffrey; Martinello, Marianne; Ahlenstiel, Golo; Kelleher, Anthony; Rawlinson, William D.; Turville, Stuart G.; Bull, Rowena A.; Stewart, Alastair G.; Jaeck, Hans-Martin; Goodnow, Christopher C.; Christ, Daniel
作者单位：Garvan Institute of Medical Research; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute; University of New South Wales Sydney; Prince of Wales Hospital (POWH); University of New South Wales Sydney; Kirby Institute; University of Wollongong; University of Wollongong; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; Leibniz Association; Deutsches Primatenzentrum (DPZ); University of Gottingen; University of New South Wales Sydney; NSW Health; Blacktown & Mount Druitt Hospital
摘要：The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has greatly diminished the neutralizing activity of previously FDA- approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including that of antibody cocktails and of first- generation broadly neutralizing antibodies such as S309 (Sotrovimab). In contrast, antibodies targeting cryptic conformational epitopes of the receptor binding domain (RBD) have demonstrated broad activity against emerging variants, but exert only moderate neutralizing activity, which...
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作者：Wang, Tongtong; Huang, Wenze; Xu, Kui; Sun, Yitong; Zhang, Qiangfeng Cliff; Yan, Chuangye; Li, Zhangqiang; Yan, Nieng
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research & Translation (SMART); Shenzhen Bay Laboratory
摘要：Despite the recent breakthrough in structure determination and prediction of proteins, the structural investigation of carbohydrates remains a challenge. Here, we report the cryo-EM analysis of a glycofibril found in the freshwater in the Tsinghua Lotus Pond. The fibril, which we name TLP-4, is made of a linear chain of tetrapeptide repeats coated with >4 nm thick glycans. In each repeat, two glycans are O- linked to a 3,4- dihydroxyproline and another glycan attaches to the adjacent Ser or Th...
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作者：Zhou, Songsong; Rappe, Andrew M.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Ferroelectric hafnia exhibits promising robust polarization and silicon compatibility for ferroelectric devices. Unfortunately, it suffers from difficult polarization switching. Methods to enable easier polarization switching are needed, and the underlying reason for this switching difficulty is not understood. Here, we investigated the 180 degrees domain walls of hafnia and their motion through nucleation. We found that the domains of multiple-order parameter hafnia possess complicated three-...
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作者：Kumawat, Bhaskar; Lalejini, Alexander; Acosta, Monica M.; Zaman, Luis
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Grand Valley State University
摘要：Life at all scales is surprisingly effective at exploiting new opportunities, as demonstrated by the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance and novel pathogens. How populations acquire this level of evolvability and the various ways it aids survival are major open questions with direct implications for human health. Here, we use digital evolution to show that changing environments facilitate the simultaneous evolution of high mutation rates and a distribution of mutational effects skewed ...
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作者：Sait, Sameer Farouk; Tang, Kwan Ho; Angus, Steven P.; Brown, Rebecca; Sun, Daochun; Xie, Xuanhua; Iltis, Charlene; Lien, Michelle; Socci, Nicholas D.; Bale, Tejus A.; Davis, Christopher; Dixon, Shelley A. H.; Zhang, Chi; Clapp, D. Wade; Neel, Benjamin G.; Parada, Luis F.
作者单位：Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York University; AstraZeneca; Indiana University Health; James Whitcomb Riley Hospital Children; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Medical College of Wisconsin; Medical College of Wisconsin; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
摘要：Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas and the primary cause of mortality in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These malignancies develop within preexisting benign lesions called plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). PNs are solely driven by biallelic NF1 loss eliciting RAS pathway activation, and they respond favorably to MEK inhibitor therapy. MPNSTs harbor additional mutations and respond poorly to MEK inhibition. Our analysis of genetically engineere...
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作者：Xu, Xihui; Penjweini, Rozhin; Szekvolgyi, Lorant; Karanyi, Zsolt; Heckel, Anne- Marie; Gurusamy, Devikala; Varga, Dora; Yang, Shutong; Brown, Alexandra L.; Cui, Wenqi; Park, Jinsung; Nagy, Denes; Podszun, Maren C.; Yang, Sarah; Singh, Komudi; Ashcroft, Stephen P.; Kim, Jeonghan; Kim, Myung K.; Tarassov, Ivan; Zhu, Jun; Philp, Andrew; Rotman, Yaron; Knutson, Jay R.; Entelis, Nina; Chung, Jay H.
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); University of Debrecen; University of Debrecen; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); University of Birmingham; Catholic University of Korea; Catholic University of Korea; University of Sydney; NSW Health; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; University of Technology Sydney
摘要：Mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG) contributes to chromosomal degradation when it is released from mitochondria during apoptosis. It is presumed to also have a mitochondrial function because EndoG deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which EndoG regulates mitochondrial function is not known. Fat accumulation in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which is more common in men, is caused in part by mitochondrial dysfunction. EndoG ...
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作者：Zhang, Zhe; He, Cenlin; Chen, Fei; Miguez-Macho, Gonzalo; Liu, Changhai; Rasmussen, Roy
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
摘要：Precipitation recycling, where evapotranspiration (ET) from the land surface contributes to precipitation within the same region, is a critical component of the water cycle. This process is especially important for the US Corn Belt, where extensive cropland expansions and irrigation activities have significantly transformed the landscape and affected the regional climate. Previous studies investigating precipitation recycling typically relied on analytical models with simplifying assumptions, ...
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作者：Dome, Patrick A.; Jeong, Pyeonghwa; Nam, Gibeom; Jang, Hongjun; Rivera, Angela; Averette, Anna Floyd; Park, Eunchong; Liao, Tzu-Chieh; Ciofani, Maria; Wu, Jianli; Chi, Jen-Tsan Ashley; Venters, Ronald A.; Park, Hyun-Ju; Steinbach, William J.; Juvvadi, Praveen R.; Heitman, Joseph; Hong, Jiyong
作者单位：Duke University; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Duke University; Duke University; Duke University; Duke University; Duke University; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Medical Sciences
摘要：Invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of death worldwide. Translating molecular insights into clinical benefits is challenging because fungal pathogens and their hosts share similar eukaryotic physiology. Consequently, current antifungal treatments have limited efficacy, may be poorly fungicidal in the host, can exhibit toxicity, and are increasingly compromised by emerging resistance. We have established that the phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) is required for invasive fungal disease a...
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作者：Sokolowski, Thomas R.; Gregor, Thomas; Bialek, William; Tkacik, Gasper
作者单位：Institute of Science & Technology - Austria; Princeton University; Princeton University; Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Rockefeller University
摘要：Many biological systems operate near the physical limits to their performance, suggesting that aspects of their behavior and underlying mechanisms could be derived from optimization principles. However, such principles have often been applied only in simplified models. Here, we explore a detailed mechanistic model of the gap gene network in the Drosophila embryo, optimizing its 50+ parameters to maximize the information that gene expression levels provide about nuclear positions. This optimiza...
