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最新文章

• Carbonate fluorapatite coatings on phillipsite represent a significant sink of phosphorus in abyssal plains of the western Pacific Ocean AI翻译
  作者：Fan, Wenxiao; Zhou, Junming; Jiang, Xiaodong; Zhang, Huan; Mi, Mei; Yuan, Peng; Dong, Yanhui; Liu, Dong; Wei, Yanfu; Peckmann, Joern
  作者单位：Guangdong University of Technology; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources; Macau University of Science & Technology; University of Hamburg
  摘要：As an essential micronutrient, phosphorus plays a key role in oceanic biogeochemistry, with its cycling intimately connected to the global carbon cycle and climate change. Authigenic carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) has been suggested to represent a significant phosphorus sink in the deep ocean, but its formation mechanisms in oceanic low- productivity settings remain poorly constrained. Applying X- ray absorption near edge structure, transmission electron microscopy, and laser ablation inductivel...
• Alternative models of funding curiosity- driven research AI翻译
  作者：Gigerenzer, Gerd; Allen, Colin; Gaillard, Stefan; Goldstone, Robert L.; Haaf, Julia; Holmes, William R.; Kashima, Yoshihisa; Motz, Benjamin; Musslick, Sebastian; Stefan, Angelika
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Radboud University Nijmegen; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of Potsdam; University of Melbourne; Brown University; University of Liverpool
  摘要：Funding of curiosity- driven science is the lifeblood of scientific and technological innovation. Various models of funding allocation became institutionalized in the 20th century, shaping the present landscape of research funding. There are numerous reasons for scientists to be dissatisfied with current funding schemes, including the imbalance between funding for curiosity- driven and mission- directed research, regional and country disparities, path- dependency of who gets funded, gender and...
• Structural insights into the role of reduced cysteine residues in SOD1 amyloid filament formation AI翻译
  作者：Baek, Yeongjin; Kim, Hyunmin; Lee, Dukwon; Kim, Doyeon; Jo, Eunbyul; Roh, Soung - Hun; Ha, Nam - Chul
  作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL); Seoul National University (SNU)
  摘要：The formation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) filaments has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although the disulfide bond formed between Cys57 and Cys146 in the active state has been well studied, the role of the reduced cysteine residues, Cys6 and Cys111, in SOD1 filament formation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of reduced cysteine residues by determining and comparing cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of wild- type (WT) and C6A/C111...
• The present and future of peer review: Ideas, interventions, and evidence AI翻译
  作者：Aczel, Balazs; Barwich, Ann - Sophie; Diekman, Amanda B.; Fishbach, Ayelet; Goldstone, Robert L.; Gomez, Pablo; Gundersen, Odd Erik; Hippel, Paul T. von; Holcombe, Alex O.; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Nozari, Nazbanou; Pestilli, Franco; Ioannidis, John P. A.
  作者单位：Eotvos Lorand University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of Chicago; Skidmore College; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Sydney; University of Bristol; University of Potsdam; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：What is wrong with the peer review system? Is peer review sustainable? Useful? What other models exist? These are central yet contentious questions in today's academic discourse. This perspective critically discusses alternative models and revisions to the peer review system. The authors highlight possible changes to the peer review system, with the goal of fostering further dialog among the main stakeholders, including producers and consumers of scientific research. Neither our list of identi...
• New evidence for early Indian Ocean trade routes into the South African interior AI翻译
  作者：Antonites, Alexander; Antonites, Annie R.; Peterson, Christian E.; Hopf, Tyron; Ndlovu, Ndukuyakhe
  作者单位：University of Pretoria; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of Pretoria
  摘要：The rise and spread of ancient Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) trade networks profoundly impacted southern Africa. Control over this trade played a critical role in the rise and maintenance of complex societies of the second millennium CE such as Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe. While the African origins of this trade lie in the first millennium CE, understanding its earliest phases and subsequent development in the far south has been hampered by a general paucity of research. The recovery of Persian Gul...
• Enzymes in a human cytoplasm model organize into submetabolon complexes AI翻译
  作者：Russell, Premila P. Samuel; Rickard, Meredith M.; Pogorelov, Taras V.; Gruebele, Martin
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Washington University (WUSTL); Saint Louis University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：Enzyme-enzyme interactions are fundamental to the function of cells. Their atomistic mechanisms remain elusive mainly due to limitations of in- cell measurements. We address this challenge by atomistically modeling, for a total of approximate to 80 mu s, a slice of the human cell cytoplasm that includes three successive enzymes along the glycolytic path(PGK), and phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM). We tested the model for nonspecific protein stickiness, an artifact of current atomistic force fields...
• Extremal structures with embedded prefailure indicators AI翻译
  作者：Christensen, Christoffer Fyllgraf; Engqvist, Jonas; Wang, Fengwen; Sigmund, Ole; Wallin, Mathias
  作者单位：Technical University of Denmark; Lund University
  摘要：Preemptive identification of potential failure under loading of engineering structures is a critical challenge. Our study presents an innovative approach to design built-in prefailure indicators within multiscale structural designs with optimized load carrying capabilities utilizing the design freedom of topology optimization. The indicators are engineered to visibly signal load conditions approaching the global critical buckling load at predefined locations. By showing noncritical local buckl...
• Toxoplasma chitinase- like protein orchestrates cyst wall glycosylation to facilitate effector export and cyst turnover AI翻译
  作者：Fu, Yong; Tomita, Tadakimi; Weiss, Louis M.; West, Christopher M.; Sibley, L. David
  作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Yeshiva University; Yeshiva University; Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
  摘要：Toxoplasma bradyzoites reside in tissue cysts that undergo cycles of expansion, rupture, and release to foster chronic infection. The glycosylated cyst wall acts as a protective barrier, although the processes responsible for formation, remodeling, and turnover are not understood. Herein, we identify a noncanonical chitinase- like enzyme TgCLP1 that localizes to micronemes and is targeted to the cyst wall after secretion. Genetic deletion of TgCLP1 resulted in a thickened cyst wall that decrea...
• CBX2 suppresses interferon signaling to diminish tumor immunogenicity via a noncanonical corepressor complex AI翻译
  作者：Lin, Yanxun; Jin, Huan; She, Yong; Zhang, Yiqun; Cui, Lei; Xie, Chunyuan; Liu, Yongxiang; Zhang, Huanling; Guo, Hui; Wu, Jiaxin; Li, Lin; Guo, Zixuan; Wang, Xiaojuan; Jiang, Wu; Chen, Xu; He, Shuai; Zhou, Penghui; Tan, Jing; Bei, Jin- Xin; Liu, Jinyun; Chen, Yan- Xing; Zhao, Qi; Xia, Xiaojun; Wang, Zining
  作者单位：State Key Lab Oncology South China; Sun Yat Sen University; Tongji University; Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University; Hainan Medical University
  摘要：Chromobox 2 (CBX2), a crucial component of the polycomb repressive complex (PRC), has been implicated in the development of various human cancers. However, its role in the regulation of tumor immunogenicity and immune evasion remains inadequately understood. In this study, we found that ablation of CBX2 led to tumor growth inhibition, activation of the tumor immune microenvironment, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of anti- PD1 or adoptive T cell therapies by using murine syngeneic tumor mode...
• Emergence and evolution of heterocyte glycolipid biosynthesis enabled specialized nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria AI翻译
  作者：Gallego, Ruth Perez; von Meijenfeldt, F. A. Bastiaan; Bale, Nicole J.; Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe; Villanueva, Laura
  作者单位：Utrecht University; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ); Utrecht University; Utrecht University
  摘要：Heterocytes, specialized cells for nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria, are surrounded by heterocyte glycolipids (HGs), which contribute to protection of the nitrogenase enzyme from oxygen. Diverse HGs preserve in the sediment and have been widely used as evidence of past nitrogen fixation, and structural variation has been suggested to preserve taxonomic information and reflect paleoenvironmental conditions. Here, by comprehensive HG identification and screening of HG biosynthetic gene cluster...