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作者：Zhong, Jia-Xin; Ji, Jun; Xia, Xiaoxing; Heo, Hyeonu; Jing, Yun
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
摘要：Delivering audible content to a targeted listener without disturbing others is paramount in audio engineering. However, achieving this goal has long been challenging due to the diffraction of low-frequency (long-wavelength) audio waves in linear acoustics. Here, we introduce an approach for creating remote audio spots, dubbed audible enclaves, by harnessing the local nonlinear interaction of two self-bending ultrasonic beams with distinct spectra. The self-bending ultrasonic beams created by a...
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作者：Deng, Yuhang; Maple, M. Brian
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
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作者：Xia, Deming; Zeng, Fanqi; Chen, Wanting; Zhao, Hui; Xie, Hong - bin; Chen, Jingwen; Francisco, Joseph S.
作者单位：Dalian University of Technology; University of Pennsylvania; Dalian University of Technology; State Key Laboratory Surfactant Fine Chemistry
摘要：Peptides and proteins, essential components of living organisms, are composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. However, the mechanism of peptide bond formation during the prebiotic era remains unclear. In this study, advanced Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations were used to investigate the mechanisms and kinetics of peptide bond formation at air-water interfaces using diglycine, the simplest dipeptide, as a model molecule. The results show that peptide bonds can be ra...
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作者：Xu, Liang; Chen, Ye; Dutra-Clarke, Marina; Mayakonda, Anand; Hazawa, Masaharu; Savinoff, Steve E.; Doan, Ngan; Said, Jonathan W.; Yong, William H.; Watkins, Ashley; Yang, Henry; Ding, Ling-Wen; Tyner, Jeffrey W.; Ching, Jianhong; Kovalik, Jean- Paul; Madan, Vikas; Chan, Shing-Leng; Muschen, Markus; Breunig, Joshua J.; Lin, De-Chen; Koeffler, H. Phillip
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作者：Hewitt, Samuel R. C.; Norbury, Agnes; Huys, Quentin J. M.; Hauser, Tobias U.
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Eberhard Karls University Hospital
摘要：Internal states like motivation fluctuate substantially over time. However, studies of the neurocomputational mechanims of motivated behavior have failed to capture this. Here, we examined how naturalistic ups and downs in state motivation influence the subjective value of reward and effort. In a microlongitudinal design (N = 155, state timepoints = 3,344, decision-making tasks = 845), we captured fluctuations in state and effort-based decision-making using smartphone-based momentary assessmen...
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作者：Larue, Benjamin; Pelletier, Fanie; Festa-Bianchet, Marco; Hamel, Sandra
作者单位：University of Sherbrooke; Laval University
摘要：Individual heterogeneity shapes ecoevolutionary processes at multiple scales. Yet, the scarcity of long-term life-history data and limitations in classic statistical tools hinder our capacity to uncover and understand individual heterogeneity in wildlife populations. Here, we apply an underused multivariate statistical method to uncover four heterogenous life-history trajectories in wild female bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). Remarkably, these trajectories had remained unobserved in the popul...
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作者：Qiao, Xue; Houghton, Alan; Reed, James; Steuernagel, Burkhard; Zhang, Jiahe; Owen, Charlotte; Leveau, Aymeric; Orme, Anastasia; Louveau, Thomas; Melton, Rachel; Wulff, Brande B. H.; Osbourn, Anne
作者单位：UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Centre; Peking University; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Centre; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Centre; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
摘要：Plants produce diverse specialized metabolites with important ecological functions. It has recently become apparent that the genes for many of these pathways are not dispersed in plant genomes, but rather are arranged like beads on a string in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Pathways encoded by BGCs are as a rule dedicated linear pathways that do not form parts of wider metabolic networks. In contrast, the genes for the biosynthesis of widely distributed more ancestral metabolites such as c...
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作者：Tholt, Andrew; Basoglu, Oksan; Bektas, Yener; Bernor, Raymond; Carlson, Joshua P.; Dag, Oemer; Dogan, Ugur; Erkman, Ahmet Cem; Kaya, Ferhat; Kaymakci, Nuretdin; Kirmizioglu, Pinar Goezluek; Meijers, Maud J. M.; Parildar, oezge Kahya; Pehlevan, Cesur; Simsek, Emrah; White, Tim; Renne, Paul
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley Geochronolgy Center; Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University; Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Ankara University; Kirsehir Ahi Evran University; University of Oulu; Middle East Technical University; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; University of Graz; Senckenberg Biodiversitat & Klima- Forschungszentrum (BiK-F); Leibniz Association; Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung (SGN); Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University; Maden Tetkik ve Arama (MTA) - Turkey; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; Centro Nacional de Investigacion de La Evolucion Humana (CENIEH)
摘要：T & uuml;rkiye's geographic position between Europe, Asia, and Africa gives it pivotal importance for understanding the local, interregional, and intercontinental dynamics of Neogene vertebrate evolution. Although rich in vertebrate fossil deposits spanning the Middle and Late Miocene, associated geochronology has been limited by the lack of available volcanic materials that allow radioisotopic dating and geochemical correlation. As a result, calibrating mammalian evolution has been largely re...
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作者：Wang, Xiaohan; Liu, Mengyao; Zhang, Yifan; Ma, Dongyuan; Wang, Lu; Liu, Feng
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital - CAMS; Peking Union Medical College; Shandong University
摘要：During fetal stage, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) undergo rapid proliferation with a tight control of genomic stability. Although histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation has been reported to stabilize the genome in proliferating cells, its specific role in HSPC development remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD) repeat protein 5 (Wdr5)- mediated H3K4 methylation is crucial for maintaining genomic stability of proliferating HSPCs in ze...
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作者：Feng, Wenlu; Wan, Xiaonan; Zhang, Yiran; Quensen, John; Williams, Tom A.; Thompson, Michael; Streeter, Matthew; Zhang, Yang; Jiao, Shuo; Wei, Gehong; Zhu, Yuanjun; Gu, Jie; Tiedje, James M.; Qian, Xun
作者单位：Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Michigan State University; University of Bristol; Iowa State University; University of Iowa; Northwest A&F University - China; Northwest A&F University - China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (ISWC), CAS
摘要：The deep subsurface soil microbiome encompasses a vast amount of understudied phylogenetic diversity and metabolic novelty, and the metabolic capabilities and ecological roles of these communities remain largely unknown. We observed a widespread and relatively abundant bacterial phylum (CSP1-3) in deep soils and evaluated its phylogeny, ecology, metabolism, and evolutionary history.Genome analysis indicated that members of CSP1-3 were actively replicating in situ and were widely involved in th...
