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作者：Fairbanks, Regina A.; Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Adaptation to novel environments requires genetic variation, but whether adaptation been long used as a model to understand evolutionary processes, providing information not only on the phenotypes selected but also, in many cases, an understanding of the causal loci. For each of the causal loci that have been identified in maize, the selected allele can be found segregating in natural populations, consistent with their origin as standing genetic variation. The sole exception to this pattern is...
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作者：Kleiman-Weiner, Max; Vientos, Alejandro; Rand, David G.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Theories of the evolution of cooperation through reciprocity explain how unrelated self-interested individuals can accomplish more together than they can on their own. The most prominent theories of reciprocity, such as tit-for-tat or win-stay-lose-shift, are inflexible automata that lack a theory of mind-the human ability to infer the hidden mental states in others' minds. Here, we develop a model of reciprocity with a theory of mind, the Bayesian Reciprocator. When making decisions, this mod...
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作者：Liano-Pons, Judit; Garde-Lapido, Elisa; Fahrig, Fenja L.; Jackering, Merle; Yuan, Ye; Andersson, Stina; Schort, Lea; Esteve, Maria; Mohlin, Sofie; Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C.; Arsenian-Henriksson, Marie
作者单位：Karolinska Institutet; Lund University; Lund University; Lund University; Karolinska Institutet; Orebro University; Lund University
摘要：Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous childhood cancer, characterized by the amplification of the MYCNoncogene in 40% of the high-risk cases. Our previous work demonstrated that MYCN drives metabolic reprogramming in NB, including upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Here, we identify peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) as a promising therapeutic target in NB. Pharmacological inhibition of PRDX6 reduces MYCN levels, induces apoptosis, and promotes neuronal differentiation accompanied by lipid droplet accu...
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作者：Liu, Helen W.; Khera, Radhika; Grob, Patricia; Gallaher, Sean D.; Purvine, Samuel O.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Lipton, Mary S.; Niyogi, Krishna K.; Nogales, Eva; Iwai, Masakazu; Merchant, Sabeeha S.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
摘要：Iron (Fe) availability limits photosynthesis at a global scale where Fe-rich photosystem (PS) I abundance is drastically reduced in Fe-poor environments. We used single-particle cryoelectron microscopy to reveal a unique Fe starvation-dependent arrangement of light-harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) proteins where Fe starvation-induced TIDI1 is found in an additional tetramer of LHC proteins associated with PSI in Dunaliella tertiolecta and Dunaliella salina. These cosmopolitan green algae are resil...
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作者：Ode, Koji L.; Ueda, Hiroki R.
作者单位：University of Tokyo; Kurume University
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作者：Barajaa, Mohammed A.; Otsuka, Takayoshi; Laurencin, Cato T.
作者单位：Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut
摘要：The utility of a pure population of highly regenerative satellite stem cells (SSCs) is a prerequisite for successful cell-based muscle therapies. Previous works have reported several methods for the SSC isolation. However, the majority of cells isolated using previous methods are fibroblasts and other nonmyogenic cell types, necessitating further expensive and time-consuming purification steps often affecting the regenerative quality of the isolated SSCs. Here, we describe a simple, time-effec...
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作者：Bielawski, Jakub; Chotibut, Thiparat; Falniowski, Fryderyk; Misiurewicz, Michal; Piliouras, Georgios
作者单位：Cracow University of Economics; Chulalongkorn University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Indianapolis; Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind
摘要：Inspired by the challenges at the intersection of Evolutionary Game Theory and Machine Learning, we investigate a class of discrete-time multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) dynamics in population/nonatomic congestion games, where agents have diverse beliefs and learn at different rates. These congestion games, a well-studied class of potential games, are characterized by individual agents having negligible effects on system performance, strongly aligned incentives, and well-understood adv...
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作者：Bohning, Jan; Graham, Miles; Coureuil, Mathieu; Tarafder, Abul K.; Meyer, Julie; Nassif, Xavier; Bille, Emmanuelle; Bharat, Tanmay A. M.
作者单位：MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB)
摘要：Neisseria meningitidis is a human commensal bacterium that can opportunistically invade the bloodstream and cross the blood-brain barrier, where it can cause septicemia and meningitis. These diseases, if left untreated, can be lethal within hours. Hyperinvasive N. meningitidis strains often express a genomically encoded filamentous bacteriophage called MDA Phi, which promotes colonization of mucosal host surfaces to facilitate bacterial invasion. How this phage is organized and how it promotes...
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作者：Liu, Mengdi; Buntaine, Mark T.; Anderson, Sarah E.; Zhang, Bing
作者单位：University of International Business & Economics; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Nanjing University of Finance & Economics; Nanjing University
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作者：Moussallam, Yves; Rose-Koga, Estelle F.; Aubaud, Cyril; Georgeais, Guillaume; Cartigny, Pierre; Koga, Kenneth T.; Devidal, Jean-Luc; Michael, Peter J.; Shimizu, Kei; Saal, Alberto E.
作者单位：Columbia University; Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Orleans; CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Tulsa; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Brown University
摘要：Unraveling the origin(s) of carbon on Earth has remained challenging, not only because of the multiple isotopic fractionation episodes that may have occurred during planet formation processes but also because the end point of these processes, the current isotopic value of Earth's deep carbon reservoirs remains poorly constrained. Here, we present carbon isotopic measurements on rare undegassed mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans that have preserved the isotopi...
