25期

最新文章

• Decreased mitochondrial activity in the demyelinating cerebellum of progressive multiple sclerosis and chronic EAE contributes to Purkinje cell loss AI翻译
  作者：Atkinson, Kelley C.; Desfor, Shane; Feri, Micah; Sekyi, Maria T.; Osunde, Marvellous; Sriram, Sandhya; Noori, Saima; Rincon, Wendy; Bello, Britany; Tiwari-Woodruff, Seema K.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside
  摘要：In multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebellar gray matter atrophy, white matter demyelination, and Purkinje cell (PC) loss have been linked to tremors, impaired motor control, and loss of coordination. Similar pathologies have been observed in the mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This study hypothesized that inflammatory demyelination of the cerebellum alters overall mitochondrial function and is a contributor to axon degeneration and PC loss. Postmortem cerebellar ...
• Social influence during public crises: Weekly dynamics and adaptive patterns of conformity to the collective following the COVID-19 outbreak AI翻译
  作者：Ge, Xiaoyu; Hou, Yubo
  作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Alibaba Group
  摘要：Regional collectivism has been observed to contribute to better coping with public crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study poses a reverse question: Does the eruption of public crises increase people's conformity to the collective? To answer this question, we analyzed real-world transactions on Taobao (the largest e-commerce platform in China), each with a purchase decision and a list of candidates considered before purchasing. Conformity to the collective was measured using two indic...
• Fossil fuel methane emissions likely underestimated in a model based on atmospheric δ13C trends AI翻译
  作者：Uveges, Benjamin T.; Howarth, Robert W.; Sparks, Jed P.
  作者单位：Cornell University
• AI assessment changes human behavior AI翻译
  作者：Goergen, Jonas; de Bellis, Emanuel; Klesse, Anne - Kathrin
  作者单位：University of St Gallen; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
  摘要：AI is increasingly replacing human decision-makers across domains. AI-based tools have become particularly common in assessment decisions, such as when recruiting employees or admitting students. Calls for transparency and new legislation require organizations to disclose the use of AI assessment tools, thus making people under assessment aware of its use. We investigate whether this shift from human to AI assessment affects people's behavior during the assessment. We propose that people empha...
• Siderite and ferric oxyhydroxides imply interlinked carbon, iron, and halogen cycles on Mars AI翻译
  作者：Mitra, Kaushik; Malesky, Lauren A.; Thorpe, Michael T.; Stevanovic, Ana
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio
  摘要：Pure siderite [FeIICO3] was recently discovered in abundant quantities (4.8 to 10.5 wt.%) by the Curiosity rover at Gale crater, Mars. Diagenetic alteration of siderite likely caused the carbonate-sequestered CO2 to be released back into the atmosphere and consequently produced ferric [Fe(III)] oxyhydr(oxide) minerals. Here, using laboratory experimentation, we demonstrate that while closed system acid diagenesis-as proposed for Gale crater-is incapable of effective siderite alteration in Mars...
• The brain computes dynamic facial movements for emotion categorization using a third pathway AI翻译
  作者：Yan, Yuening; Zhan, Jiayu; Garrod, Oliver G. B.; Ince, Robin A. A.; Jack, Rachael E.; Schyns, Philippe G.
  作者单位：University of Glasgow; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University; Peking University
  摘要：Emerging theories in cognitive neuroscience propose a third brain pathway dedicated to processing biological motion, alongside the established ventral and dorsal pathways. However, its role in computing dynamic social signals for behavior remains uncharted. Here, participants (N = 10) actively categorized dynamic facial expressions synthesized by a generative model and displayed on different face identities-as happy, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, sad-while we recorded their MEG responses. Us...
• Homoploid hybridization adds clarity to the origins of octoploid strawberries AI翻译
  作者：Fan, Zhen; Liston, Aaron; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Ashman, Tia - Lynn; Hummer, Kim E.; Whitaker, Vance M.
  作者单位：Zhejiang A&F University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Oregon State University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  摘要：The evolutionary histories of many polyploid plant species are difficult to resolve due to a complex interplay of hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, and missing diploid progenitors. In the case of octoploid strawberry with four subgenomes designated ABCD, the identities of the diploid progenitors for subgenomes C and D have been subject to much debate. By integrating new sequencing data from North American diploids with reticulate phylogeny and admixture analyses, we uncovered introgre...
• Reciprocal interaction between cortical SST and PV interneurons in top-down regulation of retinothalamic refinement AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Qiufen; Wu, Sherry Jingjing; Fishell, Gord; Chen, Chinfei
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
  摘要：Refinement of thalamic circuits is crucial for the proper maturation of sensory circuits. In the visual system, this process is regulated by corticothalamic feedback during the experience- dependent phase of development. Yet the cortical circuits modulating this feedback remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate opposing roles for cortical somatostatin during the thalamic sensitive period (P20- 30). Early in the refinement process, SST interneurons promote the strengthening and pruning of retinal i...
• Tabula rasa agents display emergent in-group behavior AI翻译
  作者：Koster, Raphael; Duenez-Guzman, Edgar A.; Cunningham, William A.; Leibo, Joel Z.
  作者单位：Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind; University of Toronto; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence; University of Toronto
  摘要：Theories on group-bias often posit an internal preparedness to bias one's cognition to favor the in-group (often envisioned as a product of evolution). In contrast, other theories suggest that group-biases can emerge from nonspecialized cognitive processes. These perspectives have historically been difficult to disambiguate given that observed behavior can often be attributed to innate processes, even when groups are experimentally assigned. Here, we use modern techniques from the field of AI ...
• Republicans are flagged more often than Democrats for sharing misinformation on X's Community Notes AI翻译
  作者：Renault, Thomas; Mosleh, Mohsen; Rand, David G.
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Oxford; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：We use crowd-sourced assessments from X's Community Notes program to examine whether there are partisan differences in the sharing of misleading information. Unlike previous studies, misleadingness here is determined by agreement across a diverse community of platform users, rather than by fact-checkers. We find that 2.3 times more posts by Republicans are flagged as misleading compared to posts by Democrats. These results are not base rate artifacts, as we find no meaningful overrepresentatio...