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作者：Hardcastle, Matthew
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作者：Musculus, Lisa; Araujo, Duarte; Bisagno, Elisa; Kalen, Anton; Gustafsson, Henrik; Perez-Ferreiros, Alexandra; Lindwall, Magnus; Raab, Markus; Williams, A. Mark; Stenling, Andreas
作者单位：German Sport University Cologne; Universidade de Lisboa; Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Karlstad University; Lulea University of Technology; University of Gothenburg; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Umea University; University of Agder
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作者：Michel, Sylvia Englund; Lan, Xin; Miller, John; Tans, Pieter; Clark, Justin Reid; Schaefer, Hinrich; Sperlich, Peter; Brailsford, Gordon; Morimoto, Shinji; Moossen, Heiko; Li, Jianghanyang
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Earth Sciences New Zealand; National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA) - New Zealand; Tohoku University; Max Planck Society
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作者：McLean, Matthew; Mouillot, David; Langlois, Juliette; Arif, Suchinta; Bejarano, Sonia; Casajus, Nicolas; Edgar, Graham J.; Flandrin, Ulysse; Guilhaumon, Francois; Judah, Aaron B.; Loiseau, Nicolas; MacNeil, M. Aaron; Maire, Eva; Stuart-Smith, Rick D.; Mouquet, Nicolas
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Wilmington; Ifremer; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Montpellier; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Dalhousie University; Leibniz Association; Leibniz Zentrum fur Marine Tropenforschung (ZMT); University of Tasmania; University of La Reunion; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ifremer; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Dalhousie University; Lancaster University
摘要：On shallow rocky and coral reefs, cultural and recreational values, like aesthetics, are critical aspects of Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) that support human well- being and provide billions of dollars in tourism revenue. Quantifying the aesthetic value of reef ecosystems and uncovering the conditions that enhance it could support NCP- based management. Here, we combine a global dataset of reef fish surveys, species- level aesthetic values, and causal modeling to assess the global sta...
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作者：Sivan, Doron; Tsodyks, Misha
作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science; Institute for Advanced Study - USA
摘要：In Shannon's seminal paper, the entropy of printed English, treated as a stationary stochastic process, was estimated to be roughly 1 bit per character. However, considered as a means of communication, language differs considerably from its printed form: i) the units of information are not characters or even words but clauses, i.e., shortest meaningful parts of speech; and ii) what is transmitted is principally the meaning of what is being said or written, while the precise phrasing that was u...
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作者：Yang, Dong-Dong; Rusch, Leo M.; Widney, Karl A.; Morgenthaler, Andrew B.; Copley, Shelley D.
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作者：Hunt, Robert; Camassa, Roberto; McLaughlin, Richard M.; Harris, Daniel M.
作者单位：Brown University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：The vertical transport of solid material in a stratified medium is fundamental to a number of environmental applications, with implications for the carbon cycle and nutrient transport in marine ecosystems. In this work, we study the diffusion-limited settling of highly porous particles in a density-stratified fluid through a combination of experiment, analysis, and numerical simulation. By delineating and appealing to the diffusion-limited regime wherein buoyancy effects due to mass adaptation...
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作者：Liang, Chun; Zhai, Tian-Ying; Chen, Jin; Fang, Shu; Zhu, Yan; Liu, Li-Man; Yu, Ning; Zhao, Hong-Bo
作者单位：Yale University; University of Kentucky
摘要：Negative feedback of the cochlear efferent system plays a critical role in control of hearing sensitivity and protection from noise trauma. Type II auditory nerves (ANs) innervate outer hair cells (OHCs) in the cochlea and provide an input to the cochlear efferent system to achieve hearing sensitivity controlling and protection; in particular, medial olivocochlear efferent nerves innervate OHCs to control OHC electromotility, which is an active cochlear amplifier in mammals. However, little is...
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作者：Manthey, Christin; Metcalf, C. Jessica E.; Monaghan, Michael T.; Steiner, Ulrich K.; Rolff, Jens
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作者：Vosbigian, Kaylee A.; Wright, Sarah J.; Steiert, Brianna P.; Rosche, Kristin L.; Fisk, Elis A.; Ramirez-Zepp, Elisabeth; Park, Jason M.; Shelden, Eric A.; Shaw, Dana K.
作者单位：Washington State University; Washington State University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：How tick-borne pathogens interact with their hosts has been primarily studied in vertebrates where disease is observed. Comparatively less is known about pathogen interactions within the tick. Here, we report that Ixodes scapularis ticks infected with either Anaplasma phagocytophilum (causative agent of anaplasmosis) or Borrelia burgdorferi (causative agent of Lyme disease) show activation of the ATF6 branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Disabling ATF6 functionally restricts pathogen...
