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作者：Sehwag, Udari Madhushani; McAvoy, Alex; Plotkin, Joshua B.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
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作者：Song, Shuang; Benonisdottir, Stefania; Liu, Jun S.; Kong, Augustine
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; University of Oxford; University of Iceland; Harvard University
摘要：It is increasingly recognized that participation bias can pose problems for genetic studies. Recently, to overcome the challenge that genetic information of nonparticipants is unavailable, it is shown that by comparing the IBD (identity by descent) shared and not-shared segments between participating relative pairs, one can estimate the genetic component underlying participation. That, however, does not directly address how to adjust estimates of heritability and genetic correlation for phenot...
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作者：Foo, Sherman; Caspy, Ido; Cezanne, Alice; Bharat, Tanmay A. M.; Baum, Buzz
作者单位：UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; Medical Research Council UK (MRC); MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC)
摘要：The surface layer or S- layer is a two- dimensional lattice of proteins that coats a wide are thought to play an important role in chemically and physically insulating cells from the external environment. Here, we show that the integrity of the S- layer in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is maintained as cells grow via a process of self- assembly as SlaA monomers fill gaps in the lattice. Although this lattice which is physically tethered to the membrane might be expected to hinder cell division, we...
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作者：Loytynoja, Ari; Pohjoismaki, Jaakko; Valtonen, Mia; Laakkonen, Juha; Morita, Wataru; Kunnasranta, Mervi; Vainola, Risto; Olsen, Morten Tange; Auvinen, Petri; Jernvall, Jukka
作者单位：University of Helsinki; University of Eastern Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Helsinki; National Museum of Nature and Science; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Helsinki; University of Copenhagen; University of Helsinki; University of Helsinki
摘要：Isolated populations of postglacial relicts are known from many regions and are typically found on mountains for terrestrial species and in lakes for aquatic species. Among the few aquatic mammalian relicts, the Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis) has been landlocked in Lake Saimaa, Finland, for the last 10,000 y. Saimaa ringed seals show genetic, behavioral, and morphological differences from the other ringed seal subspecies, but the extent these differences stem from the end of the l...
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作者：Oppedisano, Anthony; Bailey, Melanie L.; Kumar, Arun; O' Neil, Nigel J.; Stirling, Peter C.; Hieter, Philip
作者单位：University of British Columbia; British Columbia Cancer Agency
摘要：Protein structure-function relationships are critical for understanding molecular mechanisms and the impacts of genetic variation. Mutational scanning approaches can deliver scalable analysis, usually through the study of loss-of-function variants. Rarer dominant negative and gain-of-function variants can be more information rich, as they retain a stable proteoform and can be used to dissect molecular function while retaining biological context. Dominant variant proteoforms can still engage su...
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作者：Sonawane, Chinmay; Xu, Maya; Ward, Natalie; Lac, Ariella Chichilnisky du; Kamets, Bohdan; Dirzo, Rodolfo
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：Vertebrate scavengers play a critical role in ecosystem functioning worldwide. Through the cascading effects of their ecological role, scavengers can also alleviate the burden of zoonotic diseases on people. This importance to human health fuels a growing need to understand how vertebrate scavengers and their ecosystem services are faring globally in the Anthropocene. We reviewed the conservation status of 1,376 vertebrate scavenging species and examined the implications for human health. We u...
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作者：Eftedal, Nikolai Haahjem; Eilertsen, Espen Moen; Sunde, Hans Fredrik; Kleppestoc, Thomas Haarklau; Ystrom, Eivind; Czajkowski, Nikolai Olavi
作者单位：University of Oslo; Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH); Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH)
摘要：We investigate the hypothesis that family resemblance on school performance can be fully explained by additive genetic effects and assortative mating. Our sample consists of all schoolchildren who took Norwegian national standardized tests between 2007 and 2019 (N = 936,708). These tests measure aptitude in math and reading comprehension, and are taken the years children turn 10, 13, and 14 y old. We identify millions of pairs of relatives within our sample (82 different kinds, in total), incl...
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作者：Forsberg, Simon K. G.; Melo, Diogo; Wolf, Scott W.; Grenier, Jennifer K.; Tang, Minjia; Henry, Lucas P.; Pallares, Luisa F.; Clark, Andrew G.; Ayroles, Julien F.
作者单位：Princeton University; Princeton University; Cornell University; Max Planck Society; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：Evolutionary adaptation to new environments likely results from a combination of selective sweeps and polygenic shifts, depending on the genetic architecture of traits under selection. While selective sweeps have been widely studied, polygenic responses are thought to be more prevalent but remain challenging to quantify. The infinitesimal model makes explicit the hypothesis about the dynamics of changes in allele frequencies under selection, where only allelic effect sizes, frequencies, linkag...
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作者：Shen, Shiyi; He, Xinheng; Liu, Heng; Hu, Wen; Xu, H. Eric; Duan, Jia
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; ShanghaiTech University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS
摘要：Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) is critical for reproductive health and a key therapeutic target for endocrine disorders and hormone-responsive cancers. Using high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy, we determined the structures of Sus scrofa and Xenopus laevis GnRHRs bound to mammal GnRH, uncovering conserved and species-specific mechanisms of receptor activation and G protein coupling. The conserved U- shaped GnRH conformation mediates high-affinity binding through key intera...
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作者：Barfuss, Wolfram; Flack, Jessica; Gokhale, Chaitanya S.; Hammond, Lewis; Hilbe, Christian; Hughes, Edward; Leibo, Joel Z.; Lenaerts, Tom; Leonard, Naomi; Levin, Simon; Sehwag, Udari Madhushani; Mcavoy, Alex; Meylahn, Janusz M.; Santos, Fernando P.
作者单位：University of Bonn; The Santa Fe Institute; Max Planck Society; University of Wurzburg; University of Oxford; Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Princeton University; Princeton University; Stanford University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of Twente; University of Amsterdam
摘要：Cooperation at scale is critical for achieving a sustainable future for humanity. However, achieving collective, cooperative behavior-in which intelligent actors in complex environments jointly improve their well-being-remains poorly understood. Complex systems science (CSS) provides a rich understanding of collective phenomena, the evolution of cooperation, and the institutions that can sustain both. Yet, much of the theory in this area fails to fully consider individual-level complexity and ...
